The role of family for youth friendships: examining a social anxiety mechanism

Mak, Hio Wa; Fosco, Gregory M.; Feinberg, Mark E.

doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0738-9

Cited by 59Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychosocial Factors Impacting YouthAttachment and Relationship Dynamics

The role of family for youth friendships: examining a social anxiety mechanism

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Mak, Hio Wa, Fosco, Gregory M., Feinberg, Mark E.·2018·Journal of Youth and Adolescence

DOI 10.1007/s10964-017-0738-9PMC PMC6445571

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Abstract

The quality of family relationships and youth friendships are intricately linked. Previous studies have examined different mechanisms of family-peer linkage, but few have examined social anxiety. The present study examined whether parental rejection and family climate predicted changes in youth social anxiety, which in turn predicted changes in friendship quality and loneliness. Possible bidirectional associations also were examined. Data for mothers, fathers, and youth (M age at Time 1 = 11.27; 52.3% were female) from 687 two-parent households over three time points are presented. Results from autoregressive, cross-lagged analyses revealed that father rejection (not mother rejection or family climate) at Time 1 (Fall of 6th Grade) predicted increased youth social anxiety at Time 2 (Spring of 7th Grade), which in turn, predicted increased loneliness at Time 3 (Spring of 8th Grade). The indirect effect of father rejection on loneliness was statistically significant. Mother rejection, father rejection, and a poor family climate were associated with decreased friendship quality and increased loneliness over time. Finally, there was some evidence of transactional associations between father rejection and youth social anxiety as well as between social anxiety and loneliness. This study's findings underscore the important role of fathers in youth social anxiety and subsequent social adjustment.

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There may be sex differences, with some research indicating loneliness was more strongly associated with elevated depression symptoms in girls and with elevated social anxiety in boys.
“There may also be sex differences, with some research indicating that loneliness was more strongly associated with elevated depression symptoms in girls and with elevated social anxiety in boys.70 , 71”
From Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results and Discussion (page unavailable) report that loneliness predicted increased social anxiety for boys but not girls. They do not report that loneliness was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in girls; the reported gender difference involving internalizing symptoms instead runs from those symptoms to later loneliness and is stronger in boys. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
One study of young adolescents found sex differences, with loneliness associated with later social anxiety in male participants but not female participants.
“One study of young adolescents found differences by sex, with loneliness being associated with later social anxiety in male participants but not female participants.71”
From Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [71]
Three of four studies examining the longitudinal effect of loneliness on anxiety found that loneliness was associated with later anxiety.
“Three of the four studies that examined the longitudinal effect of loneliness on anxiety found that loneliness was associated with later anxiety.63 , 71 , 78”
From Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [71]

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Authors: Mak, H. W., Fosco, G. M., & Feinberg, M. E.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Mak, Hio Wa
ORCID: Mak, Hio Wa
Fosco, Gregory M.
Feinberg, Mark E.
Venue: Journal of Youth and Adolescence
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-09-02
Volume: 47
Issue: 2
Pages: 306-320
ISSN: 0047-2891 (ISSN-L)
1573-6601
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0738-9
PMC: PMC6445571
OpenAlex: W2753181531
Cited by: 58
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 4.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Journal of Youth and Adolescence (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA013709)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01 AA14702)
Karl R. and Diane Wendle Fink Early Career Professorship for the Study of Families
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Keywords: parental rejection, family climate, friendship quality, loneliness, adolescents, bidirectional relationship, social adaptation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Peer Group, Rejection, Psychology, Social Adjustment, Friends

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The role of family for youth friendships: examining a social anxiety mechanism

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