The DOI matches its Crossref record; 112 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 67 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-being
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of review Our 24/7 society is dependent on shift work, despite mounting evidence for negative health outcomes from sleep displacement due to shift work. This paper reviews short- and long-term health consequences of sleep displacement and circadian misalignment due to shift work.Recent findings We focus on four broad health domains: metabolic health; risk of cancer; cardiovascular health; and mental health. Circadian misalignment affects these domains by inducing sleep deficiency, sympathovagal and hormonal imbalance, inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dysregulated cell cycles. This leads to a range of medical conditions, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, gastrointestinal dysfunction, compromised immune function, cardiovascular disease, excessive sleepiness, mood and social disorders, and increased cancer risk.Summary Interactions of biological disturbances with behavioral and societal factors shape the effects of shift work on health and well-being. Research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and drive the development of countermeasures.
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35 Not checked yet · 14 Own interpretation · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
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In the paper
“However, a number of studies have found no association between cancer and shift work [64,65,66,67].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Cancer
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [64] Pesch B, Harth V, Rabstein S, Baisch C, Schiffermann M, Pallapies D, et al. Night work and breast cancer-results from the German GENICA study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010;36(2):134–41. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.2890 . source
The Discussion reports that having ever done night shift work was not associated with increased breast cancer risk in the GENICA study. The introduction also notes two other studies reporting no increased breast cancer risk. These findings support the claim that some studies found no association, specifically for breast cancer and night shift work; the paper does not claim that all forms of cancer or shift work show no association. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked yetcites [65] Kubo T, Oyama I, Nakamura T, Kunimoto M, Kadowaki K, Otomo H, et al. Industry-based retrospective cohort study of the risk of prostate cancer among rotating shift workers. Int J Urol. 2011;18:206–11. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02714.x . source
- Supportedcites [66] Pronk A, Ji B, Shu X, Xue S, Yang G, Li H, et al. Night-shift work and breast cancer risk in a cohort of Chinese women. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(9):953–9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq029 . source
The Discussion reports that this cohort study found no evidence of an association between night-shift work and breast cancer risk. As one of several citations attached to the sentence, it supports an example of a study finding no association, though its finding is specific to breast cancer and night-shift work. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Partly supportedcites [67] • Travis RC, Balkwill A, Fensom GK, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Wang SX, et al. Night shift work and breast cancer incidence: three prospective studies and a meta-analysis of published studies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(12):djw169. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djw169 . Review of reseearch on night shift work and breast cancer. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports no association between night shift work and breast cancer incidence in three UK studies and in the prospective evidence overall. The cited paper does not establish the broader claim for cancer generally or for all forms of shift work. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Findings in animal models with environmentally disturbed circadian systems (simulated shift work) indicate that circadian disruption increases the progression of cancer, possibly through dysregulation of the cell cycle, accumulation of DNA damage, and reduced tumor suppression [49,50,51,52].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] Lee S, Donehower LA, Herron AJ, Moore DD, Fu L. Disrupting circadian homeostasis of sympathetic signaling promotes tumor development in mice. PLoS One. 2010;5(6):e10995. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010995 . source
- Not checked yetcites [50] • Kettner NM, Voicu H, Finegold MJ, Coarfa C, Sreekumar A, Putluri N, et al. Circadian homeostasis of liver metabolism suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Cell. 2016;30(6):909–24. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.007 . Study in mice linking circadian misalignment with altered gene expression, liver dysfunction, and carcinogenesis. source
- Not checked yetcites [51] • Papagiannakopoulos T, Bauer MR, Davidson SM, Heimann M, Subbaraj L, Bhutkar A, et al. Circadian rhythm disruption promotes lung tumorigenesis. Cell Metab. 2016;24(2):324–31. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.001 . Study in mice showing the effects of circadian disruption on cancer progression in lung tissue. source
- Not checked yetcites [52] • Van Dycke KC, Rodenburg W, van Oostrom CT, van Kerkhof LW, Pennings JL, Roenneberg T, et al. Chronically alternating light cycles increase breast cancer risk in mice. Curr Biol. 2015;25(14):1932–7. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.012 . Study in mice linking altered light/dark cycles with breast cancer. source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: Animal models with environmentally disturbed circadian systems are informative for human shift work cancer risk.
In the paper
“Sleep displacement and altered meal timing due to shift work disturb hormonal balance—including key regulators of satiety and hunger, the hormones leptin and ghrelin, respectively [13].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Metabolic Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Nguyen J, Wright Jr KP. Influence of weeks of circadian misalignment on leptin levels. Nat Sci Sleep. 2009;2:9–18. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S7624 . source
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In the paper
“the implications of circadian misalignment between the biological clock and the sleep/wake cycle are perhaps best illustrated by how such misalignment increases the risk of workplace accidents and injuries.”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Introduction
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In the paper
“Persistent stimulation of the HPA axis by external stressors in the face of circadian misalignment may lead to erosion of mental health in shift workers.”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Mental Health
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In the paper
“These peripheral oscillators are normally in sync with the master clock in the SCN, but altered sleep/wake schedules associated with shift work may desynchronize them [46].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] •• Ackermann K, Plomp R, Lao O, Middleton B, Revell VL, Skene DJ, et al. Effect of sleep deprivation on rhythms of clock gene expression and melatonin in humans. Chronobiol Int. 2013;30(7):901–9. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2013.784773 . Demonstration of interaction between sleep loss and circadian misalignment at the level of gene expression. source
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Disrupted rhythmicity in the gut microbiome may be involved in an immediate and frequently reported, yet hitherto poorly understood, effect of shift work, namely, gastrointestinal discomfort [42,43].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Metabolic Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Knutsson A. Health disorders of shift workers. Occup Med. 2003;53:103–8. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqg048 . source
- Not checked yetcites [43] Nojkov B, Rubenstein JH, Chey WD, Hoogerwerf WA. The impact of rotating shift work on the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in nurses. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:842–7. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.48 . source
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In the paper
“In humans, presumably as a long-term consequence of altered glucose metabolism, shift work is associated with increased risk of type II diabetes [27,28].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Metabolic Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] Pan A, Schernhammer ES, Sun Q, Hu FB. Rotating night shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes: two prospective cohort studies in women. PLoS Med. 2011;3(12):e1001141. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001141 . source
- Not checked yetcites [28] • Knutsson A, Kempe A. Shift work and diabetes—a systematic review. Chronobiol Int. 2014;31(10):1146–51. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2014.957308 . Review of the evidence linking shift work with risk of diabetes. source
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In the paper
“In fact, the impact of altered stressor responses on the quality of sleep may be a critical mediator of emotion regulation [97], resilience to stress [98], and ultimately tolerance for shift work [1].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Mental Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [97] • Van Someren EJ, Cirelli C, Dijk DJ, Van Cauter E, Schwartz S, Chee MWL. Disrupted sleep: from molecules to cognition. J Neurosci. 2015;35(41):13889–95. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2592-15.2015 . Discussion of the impact of sleep disturbance on cognitive functioning. source
- Not checked yetcites [98] •• Floam S, Simpson N, Nemeth E, Scott-Sutherland J, Gautam S, Haack M. Sleep characteristics as predictor variables of stress systems markers in insomnia disorder. J Sleep Res. 2015;24(3):296–304. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12259 . Study of the relationship between sleep and inflammatory and stress markers. source
- Not checked yetcites [1] Härmä M. Individual differences in tolerance to shiftwork: a review. Ergonomics. 1993;36(1–3):101–9. doi: 10.1080/00140139308967860 . source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Metabolic syndrome and diabetes risk may be further increased by the timing of eating and food digestion being out of sync with peripheral oscillators in the liver [34] and gut [35].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Metabolic Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] • Zwighaft Z, Reinke H, Asher G. The liver in the eyes of a chronobiologist. J Biol Rhythm. 2016;31(2):115–24. doi: 10.1177/0748730416633552 . Overview of research on the liver as a model system for circadian rhythms in peripheral organs. source
- Not checked yetcites [35] Schieving LA. Biological clocks and the digestive system. Gastroenterology. 2000;119(2):536–49. doi: 10.1053/gast.2000.9305 . source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
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In the paper
“This leads to shortened and disrupted sleep, and excessive sleepiness while awake [8,9].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Åkerstedt T. Shift work and disturbed sleep/wakefulness. Occup Med. 2003;53:89–94. doi: 10.1093/occmedkqg046 . source
- Not checked yetcites [9] Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and psychomotor vigilance. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24(2):237–49. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2004.12.007 . source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Based on information from animal models and epidemiological evidence from the shift-working population, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen, while acknowledging that there is currently limited evidence from human studies [58].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [58] Straif K, Baan R, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, et al. Carcinogenicity of shift-work, painting, and fire-fighting. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(12):1065–6. source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although it is unclear whether disruption of cortisol rhythms is causally involved, it is generally believed that shift work leads to heightened stress reactivity and—in those who are especially susceptible—the development of insomnia and shift work disorder [96].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Mental Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96] • Kalmbach DA, Pillai V, Cheng P, Arnedt JT, Drake CL. Shift work disorder, depression, and anxiety in the transition to rotating shifts: the role of sleep reactivity. Sleep Med. 2015;16(12):1532–8. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.09.007 . Discussion of the effect of sleep disruption from shift work on mental health. source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The variability in these findings may be related to other contributing factors, such as individual differences in susceptibility to carcinogenesis, occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents, and lifestyle [68,69].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [68] Fritschi L, Glass DC, Heyworth JS, Aronson K, Girschik J, Boyle T, et al. Hypothesis for mechanisms linking shiftwork and cancer. Med Hypothesis. 2011;77:430–6. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.002 . source
- Not checked yetcites [69] Purdue MP, Hutchings SJ, Rushton L, Silverman DT. The proportion of cancer attributable to occupational exposures. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25(3):188–92. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.009 . source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Stimulation of the (desynchronized) HPA axis activates the fear system and blunts the reward system, leading to abnormal responses to stress [92].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Mental Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [92] Herman JP, Cullinan WE. Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Trends Neurosci. 1997;20(2):78–84. doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10069-2 . source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Candidate mechanisms underlying elevated risk for CVD due to shift work include disrupted 24-hour rhythms of blood pressure [84] and vascular function [85], atherosclerosis [86], proinflammatory states [87], and altered lipid and glucose metabolism [88].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Heart Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [84] Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Portaluppi F. Circadian mechanisms of 24-hour blood pressure regulation and patterning. Sleep Med Rev. 2016; doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.02.003 . source
- Not checked yetcites [85] • Rodrigo GC, Denniff M. Time-of-day variation in vascular function. Exp Physiol. 2016;101(8):1030–4. doi: 10.1113/EP085780 . Review of the role of circadian rhythmicity in vascular function. source
- Not checked yetcites [86] Haupt CM, Alte D, Dorr M, Robinson DM, Felix SB, John U, et al. The relation of exposure to shift work with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in a general population. Atherosclerosis. 2008;201(1):205–11. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.059 . source
- Not checked yetcites [87] • Machado RM, Koike MK. Circadian rhythm, sleep pattern, and metabolic consequences: an overview on cardiovascular risk factors. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2014;18(1):47–52. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0057 . Overview of the role of circadian rhythms and sleep on risk of cardiovascular disease. source
- Not checked yetcites [88] Puttonen S, Härmä M, Hublin C. Shift work and cardiovascular disease-pathways from circadian stress to morbidity. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010;36(2):96–108. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.2894 . source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This in turn yields increased errors in the workplace, greater risk of accidents and injuries, and degraded health [10,11].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Folkard S, Lombardi DA, Tucker PT. Shiftwork: safety, sleepiness and sleep. Ind Health. 2005;43(1):20–3. source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Van Dongen HPA, Balkin TJ, Hursh SR. Performance deficits during sleep loss and their operational consequences. In: Kryger M, Roth T, Dement WC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. Philadelphia: Academic; 2016. p. 682–8.
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In the paper
“Circadian misalignment may alter the rhythms of cellular circadian clocks, and it is believed that this may increase the risk of cancer [48].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] • Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Gaddameedhi S, Selby CP, Ye R, Chiou YY, et al. Circadian clock, cancer, and chemotherapy. Biochemistry. 2015;54(2):110–23. doi: 10.1021/bi5007354 . Discussion of the role of circadian rhythms in cancer and anti-cancer therapies. source
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In the paper
“Indeed, night shift workers tend to have significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and greater waist-to-hip ratio than day shift workers [22,23,24].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Metabolic Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Morikawa Y, Nakagawa H, Miura K, Soyama Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T, et al. Effect of shift work on body mass index and metabolic parameters. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007;33(1):45–50. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1063 . source
- Not checked yetcites [23] Zhao I, Bogossian F, Turner C. Does maintaining or changing shift types affect BMI? A longitudinal study. J Occup Environ Med. 2012;54(5):525–31. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31824e1073 . source
- Not checked yetcites [24] Siqueria K, Griep R, Rotenberg L, Silva-Costa A, Fonseca M. Weight gain and body mass index following change from daytime to night shift—a panel study with nursing professionals. Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(6):776–9. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1167719 . source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Working night shifts and rotating shifts has been associated with elevated risk of heart disease [76] and ischemic stroke [77,78].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Heart Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [76] Pimenta AM, Kac G, De Souza RRC, Ferreira LMBA, Silqueira SMF. Night-shift work and cardiovascular risk among employees of a public university. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2011;58(2):168–77. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4823(12)70177-7 . source
- Not checked yetcites [77] Hermansson J, Gådin KG, Karlsson B, Lindahl B, Stegmayr B, Knutsson A. Ischemic stroke and shift work. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007;33(6):435–9. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1165 . source
- Not checked yetcites [78] Brown DL, Feskanich D, Sanchez BN, Rexrode KM, Schernhammer ES, Lisabeth LD. Rotating night shift work and the risk of ischemic stroke. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(11):1370–7. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp056 . source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Sympathovagal balance is then disrupted [72], as indicated by changes in heart rate variability that are believed to reflect increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [73].”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Heart Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [72] •• Grimaldi D, Carter JR, Van Cauter E, Leproult R. Adverse impact of sleep restriction and circadian misalignment on autonomic function in healthy young adults. Hypertension. 2016;68(1):243–50. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06847 . Demonstration of the effects of sleep restriction and circadian misalignment on the autonomic nervous system. source
- Not checked yetcites [73] Boudreau P, Dumont GA, Boivin DB. Circadian adaptation to night shift work influences sleep, performance, mood and the autonomic modulation of the heart. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e70813. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070813 . source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For example, law enforcement professionals have a significantly higher risk of suicide and stress-related and mood disorders [104] than the general public.”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Mental Health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [104] Violanti JM, Charles LE, Hartley TA, Mnatsakanova A, Andrew ME, Fekedulegn D, et al. Shift-work and suicide ideation among police officers. Am J of Industrial Med. 2008;51:758–68. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20629 . source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increased sleepiness and worsened mood associated with night work make it even more difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle, and are a further impediment to change.”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Conclusion
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actually making healthier meal choices—at odds with the night shift-induced cravings and the limited availability of healthy food options at night—is not only time-consuming but tends to be more expensive as well.”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Conclusion
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Shift workers experiencing degraded health or well-being may transfer to the day-working population, leaving the shift work cohort relatively healthier and the day work cohort relatively less so.”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When considering the impact of shift work on health and well-being, it is essential to also consider the effects of behavioral, societal and environmental forces that may ameliorate or exacerbate the biological consequences of circadian misalignment.”
§ Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-Being > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Animal models with environmentally disturbed circadian systems are informative for human shift work cancer risk.
“Findings in animal models with environmentally disturbed circadian systems (simulated shift work) indicate that circadian disruption increases the progression of cancer, possibly through dysregulation of the cell cycle, accumulation of DNA damage, and reduced tumor suppression [49,50,51,52].”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Shift-work has been associated with increased risk of cancer, obesity, heart disease, gastrointestinal dysfunction, sleep disorders, diabetes and depression227.”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [227]
In the citing paper
“Various factors such as shift work [ 125 ], jet lag [ 126 ], social jetlag [ 127 , 128 ], exposure to artificial light [ 129 ], and irregular eating time [ 130 ] disrupt the circadian rhythms.”
From Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
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BackgroundDisturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact
Boivin, D. B., Boudreau, P., & Kosmadopoulos, A. (2021) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304211064218 · Cited by 580
Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism
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“Epidemiological studies on long-term shift workers were the first to demonstrate the connection between circadian misalignment (51) and metabolic disease (52–54).”
BackgroundThe Role of Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Ovarian Aging
Yang, L., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Xing, Y., Miao, C., Zhao, Y., Chang, X., & Zhang, Q. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.617843 · Cited by 237
“In contrast, night shift work may lead to impaired pineal function and inhibit melatonin production (James et al., 2017).”
BackgroundTime-Restricted Eating: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Challenges in Translation
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Sleep and circadian regulation of cortisol: A short review
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Circadian Rhythms of the Hypothalamus: From Function to Physiology
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“Epidemiological studies on night shift workers have revealed a type of desynchrony or “misalignment” of biological processes in individuals under shift work [18].”
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Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Sexual Dysfunction
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“This poses a serious threat to the shift worker’s physical, mental, and psychosocial health [73,75-77].”
BackgroundEffect of Sleep Disturbances on Blood Pressure
Makarem, N., Alcántara, C., Williams, N., Bello, N. A., & Abdalla, M. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14479 · Cited by 122
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“The genes in the NanoString nCounter PanCancer Pathways panel considered here were subdivided into four sets based on the significance of circadian rhythmicity in their transcripts: (1) rhythmic after simulated day shift only; (2) rhythmic after simulated night shift only; (3) rhythmic in both shift conditions; and (4…”
BackgroundSelf-citationChasens, E. R., Imes, C. C., Kariuki, J. K., Luyster, F. S., Morris, J. L., DiNardo, M. M., Godzik, C. M., Jeon, B., & Yang, K. (2021) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2020.10.012 · Cited by 102
Definition and Multiple Factors of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
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Membrane Melatonin Receptors Activated Cell Signaling in Physiology and Disease
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Distinct circadian mechanisms govern cardiac rhythms and susceptibility to arrhythmia
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Self-citationEffects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function in adult humans: a systematic review
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Self-citationShift work and sleep disorder comorbidity tend to go hand in hand
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“As expressed previously, this may lead to a range of comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions, including metabolic syndrome, compromised immune function, cardiovascular disease, depression, and increased cancer risk (James et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2011; Wright et al., 2013).”
Li, W., Chen, Z., Ruan, W., Yi, G., Wang, D., & Lu, Z. (2019) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-019-00561-y · Cited by 72
The mediating role of lifestyle in the relationship between shift work, obesity and diabetes
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Shift work is associated with positive COVID-19 status in hospitalised patients
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“However, deviation of work hours from this optimal alignment may compromise the recuperative effect of sleep and increase sleepiness while awake, which contributes to mental fatigue and increased risk of adverse performance, safety and health outcomes [72, 73].”
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“Various factors such as shift work [125], jet lag [126],”
BackgroundSleep disturbances in HIV infection and their biological basis
O'Brien, K. E., Riddell, N. E., Gómez-Olivé, F. X., Rae, D. E., Scheuermaier, K. D., & von Schantz, M. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101571 · Cited by 58
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“effects of abnormal sleep are well established (4, 5), less relevant to practicing endocrinologists, and are therefore”
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“11 and increase sleepiness while awake, which contributes to mental fatigue and increased risk of adverse performance, safety and health outcomes.(72,73)”
Self-citationAging and the clock: Perspective from flies to humans
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O’Loughlin, J., Casanova, F., Jones, S. E., Hagenaars, S. P., Beaumont, R. N., Freathy, R. M., Watkins, E. R., Vetter, C., Rutter, M. K., Cain, S. W., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01157-3 · Cited by 44
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“In the long term, shift work has been linked to more serious consequences, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, Type II diabetes, and cancer (Harrington 2001; James et al. 2017; Straif et al. 2007).”
BackgroundNeurocognitive impairment in night and shift workers: a meta-analysis of observational studies
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Circulating Exosomal miRNAs Signal Circadian Misalignment to Peripheral Metabolic Tissues
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“Thus, alterations in the sleep/wake pattern or in the eating routine (fasting/postprandial) can disrupt the circadian rhythm and impair the functioning of the organism and overall health, increasing the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease [463, 464].”
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“Some of the main risk factors for dysregulation of circadian rhythm is exposure to altered light, caused by night work or forced sleep deprivation, which can directly influence the expression of clock genes and interfere with biological processes (James et al., 2017).”
Gaspar, L. S., Hesse, J., Yalçın, M., Santos, B., Carvalhas-Almeida, C., Ferreira, M., Moita, J. J., Relógio, A., Cavadas, C., & Álvaro, A. R. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103248 · Cited by 40
“For inclusion in the study, middle-aged male subjects who were not doing shift work were considered, given the known impact of age and shift work on the biological clock [55,56], and the impact of age on OSA progression [57].”
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“For rotating-shift workers, undertaking activities during their originally-scheduled sleep period may lead to the readjustment of their physiological systems [18].”
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Shift work, and burnout and distress among 7798 blue-collar workers
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Influence of Shift Work on The Health of Nursing Professionals
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“Shift workers experience an imbalance in sleep–wake cycles which can result in fatigue with consequent sleep distortion, as daytime sleep does not have the restorative characteristics of nighttime sleep [10,11].”
BackgroundStreng, A. A., Loef, B., Dollé, M. E. T., van der Horst, G. T. J., Chaves, I., Proper, K. I., & van Kerkhof, L. W. M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06122-w · Cited by 46
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“Shift work therefore goes against natural human biological rhythms and the pace of life, which unbalances the body’s internal clock and significantly disrupts the circadian rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle (James et al. 2017).”
BackgroundNew and Emerging Approaches to Better Define Sleep Disruption and Its Consequences
Lechat, B., Scott, H., Naik, G. R., Hansen, K. L., Nguyen, D. P., Vakulin, A., CATCHESIDE, P. G., & Eckert, D. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.751730 · Cited by 39
“…and non-24-h sleep disorder where the circadian phase (timing relative to clock time), amplitude of the rhythm, and/or period (duration of the circadian cycle) are poorly aligned with wake activities and environmental time cues, leading to disrupted sleep (Micic et al., 2016; James et al., 2017).”
BackgroundThe relationship between chronotype and sleep behavior during rotating shift work: a field study
Kervezee, L., Gonzales-Aste, F., Boudreau, P., & Boivin, D. B. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa225 · Cited by 46
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“Many shift workers experience circadian rhythm disruptions, due to the variations in sleep timing, meal timing and light exposure (James et al., 2017).”
BackgroundModeling the circadian regulation of the immune system: Sexually dimorphic effects of shift work
Abo, S. M. C., & Layton, A. T. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008514 · Cited by 34
TIMELESS Promotes Tumor Progression by Enhancing Macrophages Recruitment in Ovarian Cancer
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“The quality of the obtained papers was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies, which included eight items: (1) whether the criteria for inclusion in the sample were clearly defined, (2) whether the study subjects and the settings were described in…”
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Personalized sleep-wake patterns aligned with circadian rhythm relieve daytime sleepiness
Hong, J., Choi, S. J., Park, S. H., Hong, H., Booth, V., Joo, E. Y., & Kim, J. K. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103129 · Cited by 31
“In particular, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) reduces performance efficiency, increases the risk of work-related injuries, and is a significant public health problem (James et al., 2017; Slater and Steier, 2012).”
BackgroundYılmaz, M., Kıraç, Y., & Şahin, M. K. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14813 · Cited by 36
Night shift schedule alters endogenous regulation of circulating cytokines
Liu, P. Y., Irwin, M. R., Krueger, J. M., Gaddameedhi, S., & Van Dongen, H. P. A. (2021) · Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms · doi:10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100063 · Cited by 33
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Night Shift Work, DNA Methylation and Telomere Length: An Investigation on Hospital Female Nurses
Carugno, M., Maggioni, C., Crespi, E., Bonzini, M., Cuocina, S., Dioni, L., Tarantini, L., Consonni, D., Ferrari, L., & Pesatori, A. C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16132292 · Cited by 36
“In addition, our results on ESR1 might also represent a signal of altered melatonin secretion, which has been extensively documented in night shift workers [36], as melatonin is considered to play a role in the regulation of the ER expression [37].”
BackgroundMental Health of Canadian Firefighters: The Impact of Sleep
Cramm, H., Richmond, R., Jamshidi, L., Edgelow, M., Groll, D., Ricciardelli, R., MacDermid, J. C., Keiley, M., & Carleton, R. N. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413256 · Cited by 32
“The World Health Organization (WHO) found evidence that circadian rhythm disruption due to shift work is a potential carcinogen, increasing shift workers’ vulnerability to cancer [12].”
BackgroundCircadian Biology in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Koritala, B. S. C., Conroy, Z., & Smith, D. F. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11061082 · Cited by 32
Cortisol and shiftwork: A scoping review
Grosser, L., Knayfati, S., Yates, C., Dorrian, J., & Banks, S. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101581 · Cited by 33
TIMEOR: a web-based tool to uncover temporal regulatory mechanisms from multi-omics data
Conard, A. M., Goodman, N., Hu, Y., Perrimon, N., Singh, R., Lawrence, C. E., & Larschan, E. (2021) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkab384 · Cited by 28
Dopamine Signaling in Circadian Photoentrainment: Consequences of Desynchrony.
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Cardiac autonomic activity during simulated shift work
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“It is well known that shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, which in turn leads to difficulties with falling asleep due to the misalignment of sleep with the circadian rhythm [2].”
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“Perhaps not surprisingly, then, night shift work has been associated with non-communicable diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disorders (James et al. 2017).”
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“…disruption, such as that driven by exposure to artificial light at night, shift work or jet lag, has been linked to numerous negative health outcomes including cancer, metabolic syndrome and mental disorders (Caliandro et al., 2021; James et al., 2017; Paksarian et al., 2020; Stevens et al., 2014).”
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Obstructive sleep apnea, shift work and cardiometabolic risk
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Mobile app for personalized sleep–wake management for shift workers: A user testing trial
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“Shift work, and the resultant sleep and circadian clock disruption, is also associated with negative consequences to family life, overall lifestyle and motivation.(12) Given the widespread adverse impacts of shift work on sleep and health outcomes, as well as the high personal and societal cost of these, there is a co…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- James, S. M., Honn, K. A., Gaddameedhi, S., & Van Dongen, H. P. A.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University Spokane (US)
- Venue
- Current Sleep Medicine Reports
- Published
- 2017-04-27
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 104-112
- ISSN
- 2198-6401 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5647832
- OpenAlex
- W2607662745
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 31.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Sleep Medicine Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL124211)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R00ES022640)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- shift work, circadian misalignment, insufficient sleep, metabolic health, cancer risk, cardiovascular disease, mental health, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, inflammation, glucose metabolism, immune function, excessive sleepiness, well-being
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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