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Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem

Chen, Huizhen, Zhao, Qi, Zhong, Qian, Duan, Cheng, Krutmann, Jean, Wang, Jiucun, Xia, Jingjing·2022·Phenomics
DOI 10.1007/s43657-022-00073-yPMC PMC9712873
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Abstract

Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Skin microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin health. Profiling the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ecosystem. However, the community composition is highly individualized and extremely complex. To explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem, namely the selection pressures, we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of ecology. This review summarizes the following: (1) the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment, highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota; (2) the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches, through self-adaptation and microbe–microbe interactions; (3) how skin microbes, by their structures or bioactive molecules, reshape host skin phenotypes, including skin immunity, maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration, ultraviolet (UV) protection, odor production, and wound healing. This review aims to re-examine the host–microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.

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Fig. 1 Skin microbiome, metabolome and skin phenome, from the perspective of skin as an ecosystem. From left to right: (Blue box) Diverse substances, derived from the host (stratum corneum, skin appendages, and plasma), environment (xenobiotics) and microbial metabolism, cover the skin surface, forming the micro-environment for skin microbiota; (Green box) occupation of ecological niches by self-adaptation and microbe–microbe interactions, promoting commensals or inhibiting pathogens; (Yellow box) the skin microbes, by their own structures or bioactive molecules, reshape the host skin phenotypes
Fig. 1 Skin microbiome, metabolome and skin phenome, from the perspective of skin as an ecosystem. From left to right: (Blue box) Diverse substances, derived from the host (stratum corneum, skin appendages, and plasma), environment (xenobiotics) and microbial metabolism, cover the skin surface, forming the micro-environment for skin microbiota; (Green box) occupation of ecological niches by self-adaptation and microbe–microbe interactions, promoting commensals or inhibiting pathogens; (Yellow box) the skin microbes, by their own structures or bioactive molecules, reshape the host skin phenotypesCC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Chen, H., Zhao, Q., Zhong, Q., Duan, C., Krutmann, J., Wang, J., & Xia, J.
Venue
Phenomics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-10-10
Volume
2
Issue
6
Pages
363-382
ISSN
  • 2730-583X
  • 2730-5848
DOI
10.1007/s43657-022-00073-y
PMC
PMC9712873
Cited by
79
References
36
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine (2019-I2M-5-066)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (2017SHZDZX01)
  • the Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine

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