Cited by 347Tryptophan and brain disordersNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsStress Responses and Cortisol

The immune theory of psychiatric diseases: a key role for activated microglia and circulating monocytes

Open access
Beumer, Wouter, Gibney, Sinead M, Drexhage, Roosmarijn C, Pont-Lezica, Lorena, Doorduin, Janine, Klein, Hans C, Steiner, Johann, Connor, Thomas J +3 more·2012·Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Abstract

This review describes a key role for mononuclear phagocytes in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders. There is accumulating evidence for activation of microglia (histopathology and PET scans) and circulating monocytes (enhanced gene expression of immune genes, an overproduction of monocyte/macrophage-related cytokines) in patients with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. These data are strengthened by observations in animal models, such as the MIA models, the chronic stress models, and the NOD mouse model. In these animal models of depressive-, anxiety-, and schizophrenia-like behavior, similar activations of microglia and circulating monocytes can be found. These animal models also make in-depth pathogenic studies possible and show that microglia activation impacts neuronal development and function in brain areas congruent with the altered depressive and schizophrenia-like behaviors.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1189/jlb.0212100

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Authors
Beumer, W., Gibney, S. M., Drexhage, R. C., Pont-Lezica, L., Doorduin, J., Klein, H. C., Steiner, J., Connor, T. J., Harkin, A., Versnel, M. A., & Drexhage, H. A.
Affiliations
  • Erasmus MC (NL)
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
  • Institut de Biologie de lˈEcole Normale Supérieure , INSERM, Paris, France
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
  • Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg , Germany
Corresponding author
Beumer, Wouter
Venue
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Published
2012-11-01
Volume
92
Issue
5
Pages
959-975
ISSN
  • 0741-5400 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-3673
OpenAlex
W2134543031
Cited by
347
References
242
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Leukocyte Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
microglial activation, circulating monocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, cytokines, chronic stress, NOD mice, neuroinflammation, animal models of psychiatric disorders
MeSH terms
Animals, Mental Disorders, Humans, Monocytes, Microglia

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