Interoceptive pathways to understand and treat mental health conditions
Open accessAbstract
An increasing recognition that brain and body are dynamically coupled has enriched our scientific understanding of mental health conditions. Peripheral signals interact centrally to influence how we think and feel, generating our sense of the internal condition of the body, a process known as interoception. Disruptions to this interoceptive system may contribute to clinical conditions, including anxiety, depression, and psychosis. After reviewing the nature of interoceptive disturbances in mental health conditions, this review focuses on interoceptive pathways of existing and putative mental health treatments. Emerging clinical interventions may target novel peripheral treatment mechanisms. Future treatment development requires forward- and back-translation to uncover and target specific interoceptive processes in mental health to elucidate their efficacy relative to interventions targeting other factors.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been hypothesized to modulate interoceptive processing through both central and peripheral mechanisms, including changes in insula responsivity, visceral sensitivity, and interoceptive sensibility.
“SSRIs have been hypothesized to modulate interoceptive processing through both central and peripheral mechanisms, including changes in insula responsivity, visceral sensitivity, and interoceptive sensibility [60].”
From Neural correlates of altered interoception in depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Nord, C. L., & Garfinkel, S. N.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Nord, Camilla L.
- Garfinkel, Sarah N.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 499-513
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4224222155
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 6.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CARP MR/V037676/1)
- Medical Research Council (G101400, MC_UU_00030/12, MR/V037676/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- interoception, mental illness, anxiety, depression, psychosis, forward and back translation, treatment development
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Awareness, Brain, Emotions, Humans, Mental Health, Interoception
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