Gut microbiota modulate the metabolism of brown adipose tissue in mice
Abstract
A two by two experimental study has been designed to determine the effect of gut microbiota on energy metabolism in mouse models. The metabolic phenotype of germ-free (GF, n = 20) and conventional (n = 20) mice was characterized using a NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling approach, with a focus on sexual dimorphism (20 males, 20 females) and energy metabolism in urine, plasma, liver, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Physiological data of age-matched GF and conventional mice showed that male animals had a higher weight than females in both groups. In addition, conventional males had a significantly higher total body fat content (TBFC) compared to conventional females, whereas this sexual dimorphism disappeared in GF animals (i.e., male GF mice had a TBFC similar to those of conventional and GF females). Profiling of BAT hydrophilic extracts revealed that sexual dimorphism in normal mice was absent in GF animals, which also displayed lower BAT lactate levels and higher levels of (D)-3-hydroxybutyrate in liver, plasma, and BAT, together with lower circulating levels of VLDL. These data indicate that the gut microbiota modulate the lipid metabolism in BAT, as the absence of gut microbiota stimulated both hepatic and BAT lipolysis while inhibiting lipogenesis. We also demonstrated that (1)H NMR metabolic profiles of BAT were excellent predictors of BW and TBFC, indicating the potential of BAT to fight against obesity.
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Animal experiments have provided solid proof that the sexual dimorphism in total body fat content seen in rodents (males exhibiting higher fat content than females) fades away in germ free animals, suggesting a role for the gut microbiota.
“Animal experiments have provided solid proof for this phenomenon, as the sexual dimorphism in total body fat content seen in rodents (males exhibiting higher fat content than females) has shown a fade away in germ free animals, thus suggesting a role for the gut microbiota [47].”
From Intestinal Microbiota Is Influenced by Gender and Body Mass Index (2016) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Mestdagh, R., Dumas, M.-E., Rezzi, S., Kochhar, S., Holmes, E., Claus, S. P., & Nicholson, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Nestlé (Switzerland) (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Claus, Sandrine P.
- Nicholson, Jeremy K.
- Venue
- Journal of Proteome Research
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-11-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 620-630
- ISSN
- 1535-3893 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-3907
- OpenAlex
- W2069699035
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Proteome Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, brown adipose tissue, energy metabolism, germ-free mice, sexual dimorphism, lipid metabolism, lipolysis, lipogenesis, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, VLDL, obesity, NMR metabolomics, body weight
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Body Weight, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Female, Germ-Free Life, Liver, Male, Sex Characteristics, Symbiosis, Urine, Discriminant Analysis, Least-Squares Analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Gastrointestinal Tract, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Metagenome, Metabolome
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