Cortical Plasticity, Excitatory–Inhibitory Balance, and Sensory Perception
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Experience shapes the central nervous system throughout life. Structural and functional plasticity confers a remarkable ability on the brain, allowing neural circuits to adequately adapt to dynamic environments. This process can require selective adjustment of many excitatory and inhibitory synapses in an organized manner, in such a way as to enhance representations of behaviorally important sensory stimuli while preserving overall network excitability. The rules and mechanisms that orchestrated these changes across different synapses and throughout neuronal ensembles are beginning to be understood. Here, we review the evidence connecting synaptic plasticity to functional plasticity and perceptual learning, focusing on the roles of various neuromodulatory systems in enabling plasticity of adult neural circuits. However, the challenge remains to appropriately leverage these systems and forms of plasticity to persistently improve perceptual abilities and behavioral performance.
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E/I balance plays an important role in the development and maintenance of stable perceptual representations.
“This E/I balance has been shown to play an important role in the development and maintenance of stable perceptual representations, 2”
From Are hallucinations due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory influences on the brain? (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
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Plasticity of Cortical Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance
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Neuromodulation of maternal circuits by oxytocin
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- Authors
- Carcea, I., & Froemke, R. C.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Froemke, Robert C.
- Venue
- Progress in Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 207
- Pages
- 65-90
- ISSN
- 0079-6123 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4300113
- OpenAlex
- W2416819300
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 15.43
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in brain research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (K99DC009635, R00DC009635, R01DC012557)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cortical plasticity, excitation-inhibition balance, sensory perception, perceptual learning, synaptic plasticity, functional plasticity, neuromodulatory systems, network excitability, experience-dependent brain development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Learning, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Somatosensory Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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