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Cited by 142Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Imaging and AnalysisCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease, its risk factors and treatment and age-related macular degeneration: Women's Health Initiative Sight Exam ancillary Study

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Klein, Ronald, Deng, Yingzi, Klein, Barbara E.K., Hyman, Leslie, Seddon, Johanna, Frank, Robert N., Wallace, Robert B., Hendrix, Susan L. +7 more·2007·American Journal of Ophthalmology
DOI 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.11.058PMC PMC2812860
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Abstract

Purpose To examine the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, and CVD treatment with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Design Observational analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Methods Settings The Women's Health Initiative Sight Examination (WHISE), an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative's clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy.Study population A total of 4,288 women age 63 years and older.Observation procedures Information on CVD and its risk factors were obtained from a standardized questionnaire and examination.Main outcome measure AMD as determined by standardized grading of fundus photographs.Results Prevalence of any AMD was 21.4% (n = 919). Of those with AMD, 5.8% (n = 53) had signs of exudative AMD (n = 39) or pure geographic atrophy (n = 14), limiting the power to examine associations. Significant associations between late AMD and CVD risk factors were (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) older age (1.19, 1.13 to 1.27, P < .0001), more pack years smoked (1.02 per pack-year smoked, 1.003 to 1.03, P = .01), systolic blood pressure (0.84 per 10 mm Hg, 0.71 to 0.995, P = .04), report of taking calcium channel blockers (2.49, 1.21 to 5.12, P = .04), self-reported history of diabetes (2.00, 1.01 to 3.96, P = .05), and greater body mass index (1.05 per 1 kg/m, 1.001 to 1.10, P = .05). History of myocardial infarction, stroke, use of statins, or white blood cell count was not associated with AMD.Conclusions Results suggest that smoking, use of calcium channel blockers, diabetes, and obesity are risk factors for late AMD in women. However, the association of late AMD with systolic blood pressure and the effects of other CVD risk factors on early AMD need to be further explored.

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  • The finding of increased myocardial infarction risk in patients with age-related macular degeneration was not confirmed in other studies, although these studies included fewer individuals with advanced age-related macular degeneration.

    “These findings were not confirmed in other studies, although these studies included fewer individuals with advanced age-related macular degeneration.77–79”

    From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [79]

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  1. [10]SAS Institute Inc. SAT/STAT User's Guide, Version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1999. [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Klein, R., Deng, Y., Klein, B. E. K., Hyman, L., Seddon, J., Frank, R. N., Wallace, R. B., Hendrix, S. L., Kuppermann, B. D., Langer, R. D., Kuller, L., Brunner, R., Johnson, K. C., Thomas, A. M., & Haan, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Stony Brook University (US)
  • Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
  • Wayne State University (US)
  • University of Iowa (US)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • Geisinger Medical Center (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of Nevada, Reno (US)
  • University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
  • MedStar Health Research Institute (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-03
Volume
143
Issue
3
Pages
473-483.e2
ISSN
0002-9394 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ajo.2006.11.058
PMC
PMC2812860
OpenAlex
W1994945285
Cited by
142
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
FWCI
12.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (n01wh22110-38-0-0, N01 WH022110)
  • National Eye Institute (R01EY011309)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords
age-related macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, calcium channel blockers, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, exudative AMD, geographic atrophy, late AMD, women's health
MeSH terms
Aged, Calcium Channel Blockers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Middle Aged, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Body Mass Index, Women's Health, Diabetes Complications

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