Cited by 453Animal Nutrition and PhysiologyVeterinary medicine and infectious diseasesGastrointestinal motility and disorders

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Weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development: Implications for lifelong gut health in pigs

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Moeser, Adam J., Pohl, Calvin S., Rajput, Mrigendra·2017·Animal nutrition

DOI 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.003PMC PMC5941262

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Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) barrier serves a critical role in survival and overall health of animals and humans. Several layers of barrier defense mechanisms are provided by the epithelial, immune and enteric nervous systems. Together they act in concert to control normal gut functions (e.g., digestion, absorption, secretion, immunity, etc.) whereas at the same time provide a barrier from the hostile conditions in the luminal environment. Breakdown of these critical GI functions is a central pathophysiological mechanism in the most serious GI disorders in pigs. This review will focus on the development and functional properties of the GI barrier in pigs and how common early life production stressors, such as weaning, can alter immediate and long-term barrier function and disease susceptibility. Specific stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for driving GI barrier dysfunction induced by weaning and the implications to animal health and performance will be discussed.

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Fig. 1 Ontogeny of postnatal gastrointestinal (GI) barrier function development in the pig. During the first 12 weeks of postnatal life, the GI system in the pigs undergoes significant development. Colostrum and sow's milk initially provides the piglet protective passive immunity as well as important growth and immune factors. The postnatal period is marked by maturation of the epithelial barrier and transport functions, and immune and enteric nervous systems (indicated by green line) that are almost complete by 12 to 14 weeks of age. Developmental processes occurring this time exhibit a high degree of plasticity and shape the adult phenotype and function of the GI barrier.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Fig. 2 Impact of early weaning on the developmental trajectory of gastrointestinal (GI) barrier function. In nature, weaning is a gradual process occurring at ∼12 to 14 weeks of age, at which time the GI barrier function is near complete. In commercial production systems, weaning is abrupt and compounded by multiple social and environmental stressors and occurs at the height of GI barrier development between 2 and 4 weeks of age. Early weaning pigs exhibit an altered GI barrier developmental trajectory (red dashed line) resulting in permanent, suboptimal barrier function and increased disease susceptibility.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Fig. 3 Mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by production stressors in pigs: corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-mast cell axis. Production stressors such as weaning, mixing/crowding and gastrointestinal (GI) infections, trigger activation of intestinal CRF and receptors. The CRF receptor activation enhances intestinal mast cell activation and hyperplasia and the release of mast cell mediators including proteases (e.g., tryptase and chymase) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Mast cell proteases and TNF-α induce increases in intestinal epithelial permeability.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Background
Dietary inclusion of Peptiva, a peptide-based feed additive, can accelerate the maturation of the fecal bacterial microbiome in weaned pigs
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“The structure and function relationships of barrier function and intestinal immunity development have been reviewed in detail (Everaert et al., 2017; Moeser et al., 2017).”
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Beneficial antioxidant status of piglets from sows fed selenomethionine compared with piglets from sows fed sodium selenite
Falk, M., Bernhoft, A., Reinoso‐Maset, E., Salbu, B., Lebed, P. J., Framstad, T., Fuhrmann, H., & Oropeza-Moe, M. (2019) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126439 · Cited by 23
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cis 9, trans 11, but not trans 10, cis 12 CLA isomer, impairs intestinal epithelial barrier function in IPEC-J2 cells and mice through activation of GPR120-[Ca 2+ ] i and the MLCK signaling pathway
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Background
Effect of Dietary Supplemented with Mulberry Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, Antioxidant Property and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets
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Background
Maternal supplementation with glycerol monolaurate improves the intestinal health of suckling piglets by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK pathways and improving oxidative stability
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
Autolyzed yeast and sodium butyrate supplemented alone to diets promoted improvements in performance, intestinal health and nutrient transporter in weaned piglets
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BackgroundResultInfluential
Dietary Inclusion of Monosodium Glutamate in Gestating and Lactating Sows Modifies the Preference Thresholds and Sensory-Motivated Intake for Umami and Sweet Solutions in Post-Weaned Pigs
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Background
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“Commercial pigs are typically weaned during a critical period of gastrointestinal tract development, and the subsequent weaning stress can result in villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, as well as negative impacts on intestinal barrier function, intestinal absorption and secretion, immune system activation, and the e…”
Background
Efficacy of a bacterial 6-phytase supplemented beyond traditional dose levels on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, ileal nutrient digestibility, bone parameters, and intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs
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“Goblet cells are responsible for the production of mucus that acts as a physical barrier against the invasion of pathogens, while tight junction proteins form a selective physical barrier to prevent endotoxin absorption (39).”
Background
Limosilactobacillus reuteri alleviates weaned stress by improving immune function and gut microbiota in piglets
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Polymeric nanoencapsulation of alpha interferon increases drug bioavailability and induces a sustained antiviral response in vivo
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“The weaning stress can lead to inflammatory activation in the intestine and damage of enterocytes [1, 2], reducing the digestibility of nutrients in feeds and nutrient absorp-”
Background
What Happens in the Gut during the Formation of Neonatal Jaundice—Underhand Manipulation of Gut Microbiota?
Su, H., Yang, S., Chen, S., Chen, X., Guo, M., Zhu, L., Xu, W., & Liu, H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168582 · Cited by 15
“And it has been shown that early weaning causes changes in the intestinal corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, which can lead to intestinal barrier disorders and intestinal ﬂora imbalance in pigs [81].”
Background
Dietary Intervention of Benzoic Acid for Intestinal Health and Growth of Nursery Pigs
Choi, H., & Kim, S. W. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14162394 · Cited by 16
“During the post-weaning period, weaning stress dramatically decreases the feed intake of pigs, limiting nutrients for bacterial survival and proliferation, reducing intestinal morphology, and leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction [5].”
Background
Sheep-Derived Lactobacillus johnsonii M5 Enhances Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity, Alleviates Diarrhea, and Improves Intestinal Health in Early-Weaned Lambs
Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Fan, D., Zhang, J., Diao, Q., & Cui, K. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13020404 · Cited by 15
“In addition, weaning stress often leads to imbalances in the antioxidant system and damage to the immune system in lambs [9], which result in increased susceptibility to disease.”
Haptoglobin and C-Reactive Protein—Non-specific Markers for Nursery Conditions in Swine
Hennig‐Pauka, I., Menzel, A., Boehme, T. R., Schierbaum, H., Ganter, M., & Schulz, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00092 · Cited by 15
Dietary Supplementation with Trihexanoin Enhances Intestinal Function of Weaned Piglets
Wu, T., Li, K., Yi, D., Wang, L., Zhao, D., Lyu, Y., Zhang, L., Chen, H., Ding, B., Hou, Y., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19103277 · Cited by 15
“Thus, weaning is one of the most critical developmental stages of the digestive tract [3].”
Background
Modification of Gut Microbiota and Immune Responses via Dietary Protease in Soybean Meal-Based Protein Diets
Song, M., Kim, B., Cho, J. H., Kyoung, H., Choe, J., Cho, J.-Y., Kim, Y., Kim, H. B., & Lee, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.4014/jmb.2205.05033 · Cited by 14
“In particular, weaned pigs are vulnerable to diseases due to intestinal barrier breakdown because weaning stresses induce local inflammatory damage to epithelial cells [9].”
Influential
The phenotype of the gut region is more stably retained than developmental stage in piglet intestinal organoids
Mussard, E., Lencina, C., Gallo, L., Barilly, C., Poli, M., Fève, K., Albin, M., Cauquil, L., Knudsen, C., Achard, C. S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.983031 · Cited by 14
“However, it is not known whether pig organoids retain the major alterations of the epithelial barrier function observed at the suckling-to-weaning transition in piglets (Moeser et al., 2017).”
Background
Bacillus coagulans prevents the decline in average daily feed intake in young piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 by reducing intestinal injury and regulating the gut microbiota
Zhang, Y., Tian, X., Dong, Y., Li, R., Shen, M., Yi, D., Wu, T., Wang, L., Zhao, D., & Hou, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1284166 · Cited by 14
“The intestinal epithelial cells, such as immune sentinel cells, play important immunomodulatory properties by recognising pathogenic microorganisms and secreting growth factors and interleukins (Moeser et al., 2017).”
Background
Effects of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber on growth performance and intestinal health of piglets
Feng, L., Luo, Z., Wang, J., Wu, K., Wang, W., Liu, Z., Wen, J., Wang, Z., Duns, G. J., Ma, X., et al. (2024) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.005 · Cited by 14
Assessing the Effectiveness of Providing Live Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) to Ease the Weaning Transition of Piglets
Ipema, A. F., Gerrits, W. J. J., Bokkers, E. A. M., van Marwijk, M. A., Laurenssen, B. F. A., Kemp, B., & Bolhuis, J. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.838018 · Cited by 14
Review: innovation through research in the North American pork industry
Boyd, R. D., Zier-Rush, C. E., Moeser, A. J., Culbertson, M., Stewart, K. R., Rosero, D. S., & Patience, J. F. (2019) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731119001915 · Cited by 14
“of the GI epithelial barrier, enteric nervous system and mucosal innate immune responses (Medland et al., 2016; Moeser et al., 2017; Pohl et al., 2017), which coincides with diminished performance and resiliency to later-life stress or infectious challenges.”
Background
Effect of Arabinoxylan and Xylo-Oligosaccharide on Growth Performance and Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets
Sun, F., Li, H., Sun, Z., Liu, L., Zhang, X., & Zhao, J. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13060964 · Cited by 13
“always results in a series of problems such as increased diarrhea, poor feed utilization, and low survival rate since weaning stress can disrupt the intestinal redox balance and immune function of piglets [3,4].”
Background
Dietary Berberine and Ellagic Acid Supplementation Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Damage by Regulating the Structural Function of Gut Microbiota and SCFAs in Weaned Piglets
Qin, W., Yu, Z., Li, Z. Y., Liu, H., Li, W., Zhao, J., Ren, Y., & Ma, L. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11051254 · Cited by 14
“Oxidative stress induced by weaning can damage the intestinal structure and function [33], seriously affecting the health of piglets.”
Background
Effects of a Natural Polyphenolic Product from Olive Mill Wastewater on Oxidative Stress and Post-Weaning Diarrhea in Piglets
Papakonstantinou, G. I., Meletis, E., Petrotos, K., Kostoulas, P., Tsekouras, N. S., Καντερέ, Μ., Voulgarakis, N., Gougoulis, D. A., Filippopoulos, L., Christodoulopoulos, G., et al. (2023) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture13071356 · Cited by 13
Curative effects of sophorolipid on physical wounds: In vitro and in vivo studies
Kwak, M., Park, M., Kim, J., Lee, H., & Whang, K. (2021) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.481 · Cited by 13
Potential of Grape Extract in Comparison with Therapeutic Dosage of Antibiotics in Weaning Piglets: Effects on Performance, Digestibility and Microbial Metabolites of the Ileum and Colon
Rajković, E., Schwarz, C., Tischler, D., Schedle, K., Reisinger, N., Emsenhuber, C., Oceľová, V., Roth, N., Frieten, D., Dusel, G., et al. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11102771 · Cited by 14
“PWD is often associated with different pathogenic enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) serotypes and Salmonella [1,5].”
BackgroundInfluential
Impacts of weaning age on dietary needs of whey permeate for pigs at 7 to 11 kg body weight
Jang, K. B., Duarte, M. E., Purvis, J. M., & Kim, S. W. (2021) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-021-00637-4 · Cited by 13
“It has been known that weaning stress could have potential to cause the intestinal dysfunction of nursery pigs during postweaning period [23].”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal antioxidants, immunity and microbiota in weaned piglets
Zhang, C., Li, C., Zhao, P., Shao, Q., Ma, Y., Bai, D., Liao, C., He, L., Huang, S., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Animal Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/10495398.2022.2086878 · Cited by 13
Selenium-enriched Cardamine violifolia improves growth performance with potential regulation of intestinal health and antioxidant function in weaned pigs
Wang, D., Zhang, Y., Chen, Q., Kuang, Y., Fan, J., Xu, X. L., Zhu, H., Gao, Q., Cheng, S., Cong, X., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.964766 · Cited by 13
“These metabolic disorders, induced by weanling stress, are associated with inflammatory response, and impairment of redox balance and intestinal health (2, 3).”
Background
Dietary supplementation with a microencapsulated complex of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde improves intestinal barrier function in weaning piglets
Mo, K., Yu, W., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y., Huang, X., & Ni, H. (2022) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.12322 · Cited by 13
Effects of a multi-strain Bacillus subtilis -based direct-fed microbial on immunity markers and intestinal morphology in diets fed to weanling pigs
Lewton, J. R., Woodward, A. D., Moser, R. L., Thelen, K. M., Moeser, A. J., Trottier, N. L., Tempelman, R. J., & Rozeboom, D. W. (2022) · Translational Animal Science · doi:10.1093/tas/txac083 · Cited by 12
New insights into the unfolded protein response (UPR)-anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) pathway in the regulation of intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets
Zhang, F., Chen, M., Liu, X., Ji, X., Li, S., & Jin, E. (2023) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.007 · Cited by 13
Evaluation of standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in fermented soybean meal for nursery pigs using direct and difference procedures
Jang, K. B., & Kim, S. W. (2022) · Animal Bioscience · doi:10.5713/ab.22.0269 · Cited by 12
“Moeser et al [37] showed that intestinal damage by weaning stress would be sustained for about 14 d after weaning with impaired intestinal functions, resulting in a reduction in the digestive and absorptive capacity in the small intestine of nursery pigs.”
Background
Effects of dietary crude protein level and sodium butyrate protected by medium-chain fatty acid salts on performance and gut health in weaned piglets
Sadurní, M., Barroeta, A. C., Sol, C., Puyalto, M., & Castillejos, L. (2023) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skad090 · Cited by 14
Evaluation of protected benzoic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health indices in starter pigs
Outlaw, A. C., Gachman, A. M., Kim, H. J., Xu, X., Tan, Z., Qin, Z.-H., Peng, X., & Rudar, M. (2023) · Translational Animal Science · doi:10.1093/tas/txad111 · Cited by 12
“The first month of postnatal life is a critical period for intestinal development in pigs (Moeser et al., 2017).”
Increased Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids by Both Sows and Piglets Enhances the Ability of the Progeny to Adverse Effects Induced by Lipopolysaccharide
Zhang, Y., Xu, B., Zhao, L., Zhu, L.-Y., Batonon-Alavo, D. I., Jachacz, J., Qi, D., Zhang, S., Ma, L., & Sun, L. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9121048 · Cited by 12
“Maternal dietary DL-Met and/or OH-Met supplementation also increased free amino acids in milk that were associated with redox control (cystine and taurine), which might enhance the ability of piglets to cope with stress [36].”
Background
Apple Pomace and Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota of Weaned Piglets—A Weaning Strategy for Gut Health?
Dufourny, S., Antoine, N., Pitchugina, E., Delcenserie, V., Godbout, S., Douny, C., Scippo, M., Froidmont, É., Rondia, P., Wavreille, J., et al. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030572 · Cited by 12
“Indeed, many mechanisms related to the barrier properties of the gas‐ trointestinal tract are to be explored, such as permeability of the epithelium or interleu‐ kins and growth factors secretion [25].”
Background
Effect of Replacing in-Feed Antibiotic Growth Promoters with a Combination of Egg Immunoglobulins and Phytomolecules on the Performance, Serum Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli K88
Han, Y., Zhan, T., Tang, C., Zhao, Q., Dansou, D. M., Yu, Y., Barbosa, F. F., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11051292 · Cited by 14
“Weaning stress generally causes a considerable incidence of PWD in piglets, which results in an increase in morbidity and mortality and serious economic losses [24,25,40].”
Background
Dietary Supplementation with Enterococcus faecium R1 Attenuates Intestinal and Liver Injury in Piglets Challenged by Lipopolysaccharide
Zhang, Y., Wu, T., Chen, Z., Meng, Y., Zhu, Z., Wang, Q., Tian, J., Yi, D., Wang, L., Zhao, D., et al. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11051424 · Cited by 12
S. boulardii Early Intervention Maintains Gut Microbiome Structure and Promotes Gut Mucosal Barrier Function in Early-Weaned Rats
Yang, Z., Wu, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, M., Peng, J., & Wei, H. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14173485 · Cited by 11
“An emerging study demonstrated that early weaning contributes to a severe inflammatory response [48].”
Background
Enhancing Weaned Piglet Health and Performance: The Role of Autolyzed Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and β-Glucans as a Blood Plasma Alternative in Diets
BARDUCCI, R. S., Santos, A. A. D., Pacheco, L. G., Putarov, T. C., Koch, J. F. A., Callegari, M. A., Dias, C. P., de Carvalho, R. H., & da Silva, C. A. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14040631 · Cited by 11
“This low feed intake induces changes in the permeability of the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the first two weeks post-weaning, with a reduction in villus height and in the depth of the crypts of the intestinal mucosa, decreasing the absorption capacity [8,9].”
Background
Effects of dietary supplementation of myristic acid on jejunal mucosa‐associated microbiota, mucosal immunity, and growth performance of nursery pigs
Choi, H., Rocha, G. C., & Kim, S. W. (2025) · Animal Science Journal · doi:10.1111/asj.70027 · Cited by 11
Effects of Pigs’ Weaning Weight on Growth Performance and Blood Immunological, Antioxidant, and Gut Permeability Parameters in Early Nursery Period
Kwon, C. H., Safaie, E. S., Torres, J. A., & Jang, Y. D. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15081119 · Cited by 11
“…may increase the challenges in the gut, resulting in increased postweaning diarrhea and gut inflammation due to undigested and unabsorbed dietary components, which can result in impaired intestinal barrier functions, although they may grow faster than those not consuming feed at high level [26,33].”
Maternal Organic Selenium Supplementation Relieves Intestinal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Piglets by Enhancing the Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 and Selenoprotein S
Ding, D., Mou, D., Zhu, H., Jiang, X., Che, L., Fang, Z., Xu, S., Lin, Y., Zhuo, Y., Li, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.900421 · Cited by 11
Evidence-Based Recommendations for Herd Health Management of Porcine Post-Weaning Diarrhea
Eriksen, E. Ø., Pedersen, K. S., Larsen, I., & Nielsen, J. P. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12141737 · Cited by 11
A Mixture of Formic Acid, Benzoic Acid, and Essential Oils Enhanced Growth Performance via Modulating Nutrient Uptake, Mitochondrion Metabolism, and Immunomodulation in Weaned Piglets
Wang, X., Deng, T., Zhou, X., Chu, L., Zeng, X., Zhang, S., Guan, W., & Chen, F. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13020246 · Cited by 12
“Weaning piglets undergo a challenging transition characterized by diarrhea, growth inhibition, and increased mortality, leading to significant economic losses [1,2].”
The effect of Bacillus licheniformis as direct-fed microbial product on growth performance, gastrointestinal disorders and microflora population in weaning piglets
Dumitru, M., Hăbeanu, M., Lefter, N. A., & Gheorghe, A. (2020) · ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS · doi:10.25083/rbl/25.6/2060.2069 · Cited by 11
Impact of Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-Based Direct-Fed Microbials on the Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Fecal Bacterial Populations of Nursery Pigs
Zuniga, J. C., Rueda, A. M. F., Samuel, R. S., St‐Pierre, B., & Levesque, C. L. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12091786 · Cited by 10
“In addition, the gut of weaned pigs is affected by increased permeability, alterations in enteric neuron numbers and cholinergic activity, as well as by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and hyperplasia of intestinal mast cells [10].”
Background
Taurine enhances growth performance by improving intestinal integrity and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets
Chen, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Jiang, S., Han, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., & Du, H. (2024) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skae311 · Cited by 10
Tissue and cellular spatiotemporal dynamics in colon aging
Daly, A. C., Cambuli, F., Äijö, T., Lötstedt, B., Marjanovic, N. D., Fernandez, S., Kuksenko, O., Smith-Erb, M., Domovic, D., Wittenberghe, N. V., et al. (2025) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-025-02830-6 · Cited by 11
“From the cecum to the rectum, the colon carries out spatially confined regional functions, which emerge postnatally and are required for the digestion of solid food 4,5 .”
A summary of feed additives, intestinal health and intestinal alkaline phosphatase in piglet nutrition
Genova, J. L., Melo, A. D. B., Rupolo, P. E., Carvalho, S. T., Costa, L. B., & Carvalho, P. L. D. O. (2020) · Czech Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.17221/70/2020-cjas · Cited by 13
“Furthermore, the nervous system is also one of the main regulators of local gastrointestinal systemic and immune responses via neuroimmune synapses and can modulate the sensitivity and adherence of bacterial toxins (Moeser et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Benzoic acid and essential oils modify the cecum microbiota composition in weaned piglets and improve growth performance in finishing pigs
Resende, M., Chaves, R. F., García, R., Barbosa, J. A., Marques, A. S., Rezende, L. R., Peconick, A. P., Garbossa, C. A. P., Mesa, D., da Silva, C. C., et al. (2020) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104311 · Cited by 12
Feeding a whole-cell inactivated Pichia guilliermondii yeast to gestating and lactating sows in a commercial production system
Thayer, M. T., Garcia, R. M., Duttlinger, A. W., Mahoney, J. A., Schinckel, A. P., Asmus, M. D., Jones, D. B., Dunn, J. L., & Richert, B. T. (2022) · Translational Animal Science · doi:10.1093/tas/txac160 · Cited by 10
Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improves performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs fed diets containing different fiber sources
Júnior, D. T. V., Rodrigues, G. D. A., Soares, M. H., Silva, C. B., Frank, E. O., González-Vega, J. C., Htoo, J. K., Brand, H. G., Silva, B. A. N., & Saraiva, A. (2023) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105202 · Cited by 10
Stepwise co‐fermented traditional Chinese medicine byproducts improve antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in a piglet model
Niu, K., Wang, H., Kim, S., Wassie, T., & Wu, X. (2023) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.13002 · Cited by 10
What is the current significance of low birthweight pigs on commercial farms in Northern Ireland in terms of impaired growth and mortality?
Hawe, S., Scollan, N. D., Gordon, A. W., & Magowan, E. A. (2020) · Translational Animal Science · doi:10.1093/tas/txaa147 · Cited by 10
“However, multiple studies have shown creep feeding does not necessarily improve pre- and postweaning growth or litter uniformity, as not all piglets consume the creep offered (Sulabo et al., 2010; Muns and Magowan, 2018).”
Background
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Regulates Enteric Neurochemical Plasticity of Weaned Rats Challenged With Lipopolysaccharide
Shi, C., Xu, S., Huang, C., Wang, Z., Wang, W., Ming, D., Yin, X., Liu, H., & Wang, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.878541 · Cited by 10
“Enteric neuroplasticity is an adaption to intestinal contents and the intestinal microenvironment and is pronounced during early development in mammals (Moeser et al., 2017).”
Background
Dietary supplementation with sodium gluconate improves the growth performance and intestinal function in weaned pigs challenged with a recombinant Escherichia coli strain
Zhang, Y., Yi, D., Xu, H., Tan, Z., Meng, Y., Wu, T., Wang, L., Zhao, D., & Hou, Y. (2022) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03410-5 · Cited by 10
Oral administration of heat-inactivated Escherichia coli during suckling alleviated Salmonella typhimurium-derived intestinal injury after rat weaning
Cui, M., Tang, G., Yan, F., Wang, S., Wang, X., Yao, J., & Xu, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119747 · Cited by 9
Vitamin B5 supplementation enhances intestinal development and alters microbes in weaned piglets
Wang, X., Qin, Y., Li, J., Huang, P., Li, Y., Huang, J., Wang, Q., & Yang, H. (2024) · Animal Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/10495398.2024.2335340 · Cited by 9
“6,7 11 Pantothenic acid, a form of water-soluble vitamin B5 (VB5), serves as a crucial raw material for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in cells.”
Plant essential oils combined with organic acids restored lipopolysaccharide-induced leaky intestine via gut microbial modulation in weaned piglets
Zheng, X., Wang, Y., Zhou, X., Deng, T., Zhao, Y., Fu, Z., Wei, Y., Ma, W., Zhang, S., Guan, W., et al. (2024) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.020 · Cited by 9
Isatidis root polysaccharides ameliorates post-weaning diarrhea by promoting intestinal health and modulating the gut microbiota in piglets
Zhou, M., Yan, Z., Wang, D., Li, C., Wang, L., Li, R., Yin, J., & Yin, Y. (2025) · Veterinary Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01652176.2024.2447600 · Cited by 9

Authors: Moeser, A. J., Pohl, C. S., & Rajput, M.
Affiliations: Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author: Moeser, Adam J.
ORCID: Moeser, Adam J.
Rajput, Mrigendra
Venue: Animal nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-12
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Pages: 313-321
ISSN: 2405-6383 (ISSN-L)
2405-6545
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.003
PMC: PMC5941262
OpenAlex: W2732972012
Cited by: 452
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 54 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 2.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Animal nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (HD072968)
USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2017-67015-26673)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords: weaning stress, gastrointestinal barrier, pigs, gut health, intestinal epithelium, enteric nervous system, intestinal immunity, disease susceptibility, early life stress, barrier dysfunction

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Weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development: Implications for lifelong gut health in pigs

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