Gut microbiome composition is associated with temperament during early childhood
Open accessAbstract
Background Understanding the dynamics of the gut-brain axis has clinical implications for physical and mental health conditions, including obesity and anxiety. As such disorders have early life antecedents, it is of value to determine if associations between the gut microbiome and behavior are present in early life in humans. Methods We used next generation pyrosequencing to examine associations between the community structure of the gut microbiome and maternal ratings of child temperament in 77 children at 18-27months of age. It was hypothesized that children would differ in their gut microbial structure, as indicated by measures of alpha and beta diversity, based on their temperamental characteristics. Results Among both boys and girls, greater Surgency/Extraversion was associated greater phylogenetic diversity. In addition, among boys only, subscales loading on this composite scale were associated with differences in phylogenetic diversity, the Shannon Diversity index (SDI), beta diversity, and differences in abundances of Dialister, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Parabacteroides. In girls only, higher Effortful Control was associated with a lower SDI score and differences in both beta diversity and Rikenellaceae were observed in relation to Fear. Some differences in dietary patterns were observed in relation to temperament, but these did not account for the observed differences in the microbiome. Conclusions Differences in gut microbiome composition, including alpha diversity, beta diversity, and abundances of specific bacterial species, were observed in association with temperament in toddlers. This study was cross-sectional and observational and, therefore, does not permit determination of the causal direction of effects. However, if bidirectional brain-gut relationships are present in humans in early life, this may represent an opportunity for intervention relevant to physical as well as mental health disorders.
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Correlations have been observed between childhood microbiota composition and behavioral temperament, functional brain activity/connectivity, and cognitive function.
“Correlations have also been observed between childhood microbiota composition and behavioral temperament (Christian et al., 2015), functional activity/connectivity in the brain (Callaghan et al., 2019;Gao et al., 2019), and cognitive function (Carlson et al., 2018).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Christian et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Christian, L. M., Galley, J. D., Hade, E. M., Schoppe-Sullivan, S., Kamp Dush, C., & Bailey, M. T.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Christian, Lisa M.
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 45
- Pages
- 118-127
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4342262
- OpenAlex
- W2031137338
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001070)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR013661, R01NR01366)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (T32DE014320)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT006552)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD067670)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, child temperament, gut-brain axis, early childhood, effortful control, fear, alpha diversity, beta diversity, Shannon diversity index, maternal ratings, toddlers, dietary habits, Rikenellaceae, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, Dialister
- MeSH terms
- Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Extraversion, Psychological, Feces, Female, Humans, Infant, Intestines, Male, Phylogeny, Sex Factors, Temperament, Cohort Studies, Biodiversity, Microbiota
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