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Cited by 80Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Selective breeding for infant rat separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations: Developmental precursors of passive and active coping styles

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Brunelli, Susan A., Hofer, Myron A.·2007·Behavioural Brain Research
DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.04.014PMC PMC2759113
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Abstract

Human depression and anxiety disorders show inherited biases across generations, as do antisocial disorders characterized by aggression. Each condition is preceded in children by behavioral inhibition or aggressive behavior, respectively, and both are characterized by separation anxiety disorders. In affected families, adults and children exhibit different forms of altered autonomic nervous system regulation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in response to stress. Because it is difficult to determine mechanisms accounting for these associations, animal studies are useful for studying the fundamental relationships between biological and behavioral traits. Pharmacologic and behavioral studies suggest that infant rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) are a measure of an early anxiety-like state related to separation anxiety. However, it was not known whether or not early ultrasound emissions in infant rats are markers for genetic risk for anxiety states later in life. To address these questions, we selectively bred two lines of rats based on high and low rates of USV to isolation at postnatal (P) 10 days of age. To our knowledge, ours is the only laboratory that has ever selectively bred on the basis of an infantile trait related to anxiety. The High and Low USV lines show two distinct sets of patterns of behavior, physiology and neurochemistry from infancy through adulthood. As adults High line rats demonstrate "anxious"/"depressed" phenotypes in behavior and autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation to standard laboratory tests. In Lows, on the other hand, behavior and autonomic regulation are consistent with an "aggressive" phenotype. The High and Low USV lines are the first genetic animal models implicating long-term associations of contrasting "coping styles" with early attachment responses. They thus present a potentially powerful model for examining gene-environment interactions in the development of life-long affective regulation.

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  • After 25 generations of selective breeding for high versus low separation USVs, high-line rats showed more infant distress, longer latency to play, and more depression-like, anxiety-like, social interaction latency, startle, and learning deficits as adults; low-line rats were exploratory, active, and aggressive.

    “After 25 generations of selective breeding, differences in behavior between the two lines of rats were reminiscent of some of the differences observed in humans who are high or low in perceived isolation:22 the high, relative to low, USV line showed more distress to isolation as an infant; greater latency to play as an adolescent; and greater depression-like behaviors, greater anxiety-like Behavi”

    From Social isolation (2011) · cites this paper as [65]

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Authors
Brunelli, S. A., & Hofer, M. A.
Affiliations
New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Brunelli, Susan A.
Venue
Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-09
Volume
182
Issue
2
Pages
193-207
ISSN
0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbr.2007.04.014
PMC
PMC2759113
OpenAlex
W2067178363
Cited by
80
References
185
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
FWCI
0.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R03MH054027, R01 MH 40430, R37MH040430, R03 MH54207, R01MH040430)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
ultrasonic vocalizations, infant rats, separation anxiety, selective breeding, coping styles, anxiety-like behavior, aggression, attachment, autonomic nervous system regulation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, gene-environment interaction, emotion regulation, animal models of depression
MeSH terms
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Emotions, Motor Activity, Selection, Genetic, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Ultrasonics, Vocalization, Animal, Rats

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