Quantitative analysis of the tissue response to chronically implanted microwire electrodes in rat cortex.
Abstract
Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how the brain tissue reaction to single unit recording electrodes influences biocompatibility including progressive changes in the spatial distribution of reactive astrocytes, and the loss of neurons over the indwelling period. To examine these hypotheses, the spatial distribution of biomarkers associated with the foreign body response to insulated microwires placed in rat cerebral cortex was analyzed 2, 4, and 12 weeks after implantation using quantitative methods. We observed a stereotypical tissue response that was similar in some aspects to that previously reported for penetrating planar silicon microelectrode arrays with some specific differences including an overall lower degree of cortical tissue reactivity. While we found no evidence that reactive gliosis increases over time or that neuronal loss is progressive, we did find evidence of persistent inflammation and enhanced BBB permeability at the electrode brain tissue interface that extended over the 3 month indwelling period and that exhibited more animal to animal variability at 3 months than at 2 and 4 weeks.
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Systems have performed well during acute recordings, but failed to function reliably over clinically relevant timelines, the result of brain tissue reaction against implants.
“Systems have performed well during acute recordings, but failed to function reliably over clinically relevant timelines, the result of brain tissue reaction against implants, making biocompatibility of implanted BCI systems a primary concern in current device design (Polikov et al., 2005; Winslow and Tresco, 2010; Tresco and Winslow, 2011).”
From Human Brain/Cloud Interface (2019) · cites this paper as Winslow and Tresco, 2010
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- Authors
- Winslow, B. D., & Tresco, P. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tresco, Patrick A.
- ORCID
- Winslow, Brent D.
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1558-1567
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1975669290
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 NS046770)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Keywords
- microwire electrodes, chronic implantation, cerebral cortex, foreign body reaction, biocompatibility, reactive astrocytes, gliosis, neuronal loss, chronic inflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, electrode-tissue interface
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Electrodes, Implanted, Myelin Basic Protein, Foreign-Body Reaction, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Immunoglobulin G, Microelectrodes, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuroglia, Neurons, Time Factors, Neurofilament Proteins, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prosthesis Implantation, Antigens, Nuclear, Rats
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