Cited by 115Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringAnalog and Mixed-Signal Circuit DesignUndergraduate Neuroscience Education and Research

The future of neuroscience: flexible and wireless implantable neural electronics

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McGlynn, Eve, Nabaei, Vahid, Ren, Elisa, Galeote‐Checa, Gabriel, Das, Rupam, Curia, Giulia, Heidari, Hadi·2021·Advanced Science

Abstract

Neurological diseases are a prevalent cause of global mortality and are of growing concern when considering an ageing global population. Traditional treatments are accompanied by serious side effects including repeated treatment sessions, invasive surgeries, or infections. For example, in the case of deep brain stimulation, large, stiff, and battery powered neural probes recruit thousands of neurons with each pulse, and can invoke a vigorous immune response. This paper presents challenges in engineering and neuroscience in developing miniaturized and biointegrated alternatives, in the form of microelectrode probes. Progress in design and topology of neural implants has shifted the goal post toward highly specific recording and stimulation, targeting small groups of neurons and reducing the foreign body response with biomimetic design principles. Implantable device design recommendations, fabrication techniques, and clinical evaluation of the impact flexible, integrated probes will have on the treatment of neurological disorders are provided in this report. The choice of biocompatible material dictates fabrication techniques as novel methods reduce the complexity of manufacture. Wireless power, the final hurdle to truly implantable neural interfaces, is discussed. These aspects are the driving force behind continued research: significant breakthroughs in any one of these areas will revolutionize the treatment of neurological disorders.

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  • The length of the cable can be a limiting factor in terms of mobility and comfort for human subjects, rodents or primates, affecting natural behavior of animals in experiments and potentially affecting the results.

    “However, the length of the cable can be a limiting factor in terms of mobility and comfort both for human subjects, rodents or primates affecting natural behavior of animals in experiments thus potentially affecting the results (McGlynn et al., 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as McGlynn et al., 2021

    The ‘Untethered’ section (page unavailable) says physical tethers hamper animals’ natural behavior during experiments and that this matters when studying an implant’s neurological effects. ‘Energy Transfer and Harvesting’ also says wired devices may impede test animals’ movement, including rats. The paper does not specifically attribute those limitations to cable length or address comfort and mobility in human subjects or primates. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Wireless power transmission advancements could reduce the need for bulky batteries.

    “Wireless power transmission advancements could reduce the need for bulky batteries (McGlynn et al., 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as McGlynn et al., 2021

  • Wired connections can affect micromotion inside the brain.

    “Moreover, there are concerns that wired connections can affect micromotion inside the brain (McGlynn et al., 2021)”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as McGlynn et al., 2021

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Authors
McGlynn, E., Nabaei, V., Ren, E., Galeote‐Checa, G., Das, R., Curia, G., & Heidari, H.
Affiliations
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
  • Microelectronics Lab James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom
Corresponding author
Heidari, Hadi
Venue
Advanced Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-03-09
Volume
8
Issue
10
Pages
2002693-2002693
ISSN
2198-3844 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3134520991
Cited by
115
References
377
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 9
FWCI
2.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Advanced Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies (824164)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Undergraduate Neuroscience Education and Research
Keywords
wireless neural interface, deep brain stimulation alternative, foreign body reaction, biomaterials, wireless power transfer, neurological disorders
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Equipment Design, Humans, Microelectrodes, Nervous System Diseases, Neurosciences, Deep Brain Stimulation, Wireless Technology

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