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Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels
Open accessAbstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have been widely used for various biomedical applications due to their suitable biological properties and tunable physical characteristics. Three dimensional (3D) GelMA hydrogels closely resemble some essential properties of native extracellular matrix (ECM) due to the presence of cell-attaching and matrix metalloproteinase responsive peptide motifs, which allow cells to proliferate and spread in GelMA-based scaffolds. GelMA is also versatile from a processing perspective. It crosslinks when exposed to light irradiation to form hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties which mimic the native ECM. It can also be microfabricated using different methodologies including micromolding, photomasking, bioprinting, self-assembly, and microfluidic techniques to generate constructs with controlled architectures. Hybrid hydrogel systems can also be formed by mixing GelMA with nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, and other polymers to form networks with desired combined properties and characteristics for specific biological applications. Recent research has demonstrated the proficiency of GelMA-based hydrogels in a wide range of applications including engineering of bone, cartilage, cardiac, and vascular tissues, among others. Other applications of GelMA hydrogels, besides tissue engineering, include fundamental single-single cell research, cell signaling, drug and gene delivery, and bio-sensing.
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“To this end, considerable efforts were made in developing hydrogel-based inks or printing techniques to enhance 3D stability and shape fidelity, such as printing multimaterial inks with combined nozzle system24, 25, photo-crosslinkable hydrogels17, 26, 27, adding viscosifiers28–30, or printing in sacrificial supporting materials31–33.”
From Fibre-infused gel scaffolds guide cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D-printed ventricles (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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A highly adhesive and naturally derived sealant
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“GelMA is one of the most widely used biomaterial ink derived from the natural source, which is synthesized by conjugating methacryloyl groups to gelatin, the hydrolysis product from collagen.(61) The synthesis process of GelMA includes the direct reaction of gelatin with methacrylic anhydride to substitute amine and h…”
MethodAdditive Manufacturing of Precision Biomaterials
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Yue, K., Trujillo-de Santiago, G., Alvarez, M. M., Tamayol, A., Annabi, N., & Khademhosseini, A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Annabi, Nasim
- Khademhosseini, Ali
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 73
- Pages
- 254-271
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4610009
- OpenAlex
- W1120477740
- Semantic Scholar
- db0131b27b7eaf183c929a73ccd69d06de5cc188
- Cited by
- 3,146
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 433 · 2025: 464 · 2024: 394 · 2023: 430 · 2022: 347 · 2021: 314 · 2020: 243 · 2019: 213 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 7.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomaterials (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Science Foundation (EFRI-1240443)
- IMMODGEL (602694)
- National Institutes of Health (EB012597, AR057837, DE021468, HL099073, AI105024, AR063745)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México-CONACyT (262130)
- CONACyT-Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (26048)
- MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI)
- Fundación México en Harvard
- CONACYT (234713)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- gelatin methacryloyl, GelMA hydrogel, hydrogel synthesis, photopolymerization, extracellular matrix mimics, cell adhesion, tissue engineering scaffolds, bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, cardiac tissue engineering, vascular tissue engineering, bioprinting, microfabrication, hybrid hydrogels, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Extracellular Matrix, Gelatin, Graphite, Humans, Methacrylates, Oxides, Polymers, Hydrogels, Amino Acid Motifs, Tissue Engineering, Nanotubes, Carbon, Microfluidics, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Tissue Scaffolds
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