A developmental examination of gender differences in brain engagement during evaluation of threat
Abstract
Background Females appear to be more sensitive and responsive to social cues, including threat signals, than are males. Recent theoretical models suggest that developmental changes in brain functioning play important roles in the emergence of such gender differences.Methods We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine developmental and gender differences in activation of neural structures thought to mediate attention to emotional faces depicting varying degrees of threat. Analyses focused on the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex during the evaluation of threat conveyed by faces. Healthy adolescents (n = 17; 53% male) and adults (n = 17; 53% male) were scanned while they rated how threatening pictures of neutral and emotional (angry, fearful, or happy) faces appeared.Results Results indicate significant interactions among age, gender, and face type for activation during explicit threat monitoring. In particular, adult women activated orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala selectively to unambiguous threat (angry) cues, while adult men showed a less discriminating pattern of activation. No gender differences were evident for adolescents, who as a group resembled adult males.Conclusions These findings suggest that there are gender differences in patterns of neural responses to emotional faces that are not fully apparent until adulthood.
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Findings of greater adolescent amygdala activation to fearful faces are not ubiquitous.
“These findings, however, are not ubiquitous”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as McClure et al, 2004
These findings are not ubiquitous.
“These findings, however, are not ubiquitous (see Pine et al, 2001; Thomas et al, 2001b; McClure et al, 2004; Deeley et al, 2008)”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as McClure et al, 2004
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Self-citation
- Authors
- McClure, E. B., Monk, C. S., Nelson, E. E., Zarahn, E., Leibenluft, E., Bilder, R. M., Charney, D. S., Ernst, M., & Pine, D. S.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1047-1055
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078650086
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- gender differences, threat detection, emotional face processing, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, adolescent brain development, threat monitoring, emotional expression
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Emergencies, Emotions, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors
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