The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 45 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism
Open accessAbstract
Background Several previous MRI studies have reported reductions in corpus callosum (CC) total area and CC regions in individuals with autism. However, studies have differed concerning the presence, magnitude, and/or region contributing to CC reductions. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the significance and magnitude of reduction in CC total and regional area measures in patients with autism. Method PubMed and PsycInfo databases were searched to identify MRI studies examining corpus callosum area in autism. Ten studies contributed data from 253 patients with autism (Mean age=14.58, SD=6.00) and 250 healthy controls (M age=14.47, sd=5.31). Of these ten studies, eight reported area measurements for corpus callosum regions (anterior, mid/body, and posterior), with six studies reported area for Witelson subdivisions. Meta-analytic procedures were used to quantify autism versus healthy control differences in total and region CC area measurements. Demographics and study characteristics were examined as moderators of total CC area. Results Total CC area was reduced in autism and the magnitude of the reduction was medium (Weighted Mean d=.48, 95% CI=.30-.66). All regions showed reductions in size with the magnitude of the effect decreasing caudally (anterior d=.49, mid/body d=.43, posterior d=.37). Witelson sub-division 3 (rostral body) showed the largest effect, indicating greatest reduction in the region containing pre-/supplementary motor neurons. Conclusions CC reductions are present in autism and support the aberrant connectivity hypothesis. Future diffusion tensor imaging studies examining specific fiber tracts connecting the hemispheres are needed to identify the cortical regions most affected by CC reductions.
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19 Own result · 17 Not checked yet · 8 Own method · 4 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inspection of the funnel plot indicated a relatively even representation of small and moderate N studies across the range of effect sizes (figure available from the first author).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“None of the pooled effect sizes had a significant Q statistic (see Table 2).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Witelson sub-division 3 (rostral body) showed the largest effect, indicating greatest reduction in the region containing pre-/supplementary motor neurons.”
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
“Visual inspection of Figure 2 indicates that the rostral body of the CC (Witelson subdivision 3) showed the largest difference (weighted mean d=.66).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Abstract > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The samples in the included studies are representative of the broader population of individuals with autism.
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Meta-regression using weighted least squares indicated a significant overall prediction of weighted effect sizes, adjusted R2=.89, F(5,4)=15.76, p=.010.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Contrary to expectation, publication date was positively related to total CC area effect sizes and the effect was significant (β=.76, t(8)=3.26, p=.012).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“None of the other predictors significantly accounted for unique variance (largest t(4)=1.95, p=.112).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similar results were observed for regions and Witelson subdivisions, indicating that publication bias is unlikely to play a substantial role in the present findings.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The method index did not significantly predict total CC area effect sizes (β=.45, t(8)=1.43, p=.192), indicating that better reporting of study methodology did not influence effect sizes, although the effect was in the expected direction.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Age was a significant predictor with increasing age indicating a larger discrepancy between participants with autism and healthy controls, t(4)=4.32, p=.012.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Of the 7 studies reporting a significant reduction of the total CC area in autism, 3 had an unadjusted 95 % confidence interval that included zero; further supporting the need for a meta-analysis of these studies.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with expectation, area reductions in CC regions showed a very large linear trend (anterior vs. posterior F(1,7)=3.23, p=.115, d=1.36), and did not reach significance probably due to the small sample (k=8).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present study the weighted mean effect size for the CC was slightly smaller than anticipated. It is close to the medium range and does not appear to be a result of publication bias.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, the correlation between Witelson subdivision (numbered 1-7 anterior to posterior) and weighted mean effect sizes was large (r = −.52, d=−1.22, df=5, p=.23), but did not reach significance.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fourteen additional studies each contributing a null effect size (d=.00) would be needed to reduce the observed weighted mean effect size for total CC area to a small effect (d=.20). Eighty-six new studies would be needed to reduce the observed effect size to a negligible effect (d=.05).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All regions showed reductions in size with the magnitude of the effect decreasing caudally (anterior d=.49, mid/body d=.43, posterior d=.37).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Areas for each CC region and Witelson subdivision were also significantly reduced in autism (smallest z = 3.07, p<.001).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The samples in the included studies are representative of the broader population of individuals with autism.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total CC area was reduced in autism and the magnitude of the reduction was medium (Weighted Mean d=.48, 95% CI=.30-.66).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Consistent with expectation, total CC area was significantly reduced in autism patients (z = 5.17, p<.0001).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
“The present meta-analytic results indicate that total CC area is smaller in autism”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The samples in the included studies are representative of the broader population of individuals with autism.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
In the paper
“The file drawer problem (publication bias) was examined by creating a funnel plot and calculating the fail safe N (45).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Method > Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Orwin, 1983, A fail-safe N for effect size in meta analysis, J Educ Stat source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite evidence suggesting moderate reductions in CC area at the group level, not all individuals with autism exhibit reduction in the size of this structure.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion > Limitations and Future Directions
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These data suggest that brain connectivity is likely to be impaired in most regions as evidenced by alterations of all CC subdivisions and is supported by several functional studies implicating multiple cortical including frontal, and parietal regions (17, 19, 20, 51).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Just, 2007, Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism: Evidence from an fMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry, Cereb Cortex source
- Not checked yetcites [19] Koshino, 2005, Functional connectivity in an fMRI working memory task in high functioning autism, Neuroimage source
- Not checked yetcites [20] Just, 2004, Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: Evidence of underconnectivity, Brain source
- Not checked yetcites [51] Kana, 2006, Sentence comprehension in autism: Thing in pictures with decreased functional connectivity, Brain source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Thus, the present data may suggest reduced functional output of mirror neuron regions or decreased hemispheric cross-talk between mirror neuron regions. In turn, reduced output or cross-talk of these regions may contribute to reduced attunement to others’ intentions (56).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [55] Oberman, 2007, The simulating social mind: The role of the mirror neuron system and simulation in the social and communicative deficits of autism spectrum disorders, Psychol Bull source
- Not checked yetcites [56] Gallese, 2007, Intentional attunement: Mirror neurons and the neural underpinnings of interpersonal relations, J Am Psychoanal Assoc source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several studies did not include Witelson subdivisions, reducing the ability to statistically examine finer grained differences among CC regions.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion > Limitations and Future Directions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, the effect size was found to be large in a recent study using a 3T magnet (d=.73) (23), suggesting that future studies applying newer imaging methodologies (e.g., diffusion tensor imaging or related novel white matter tractography methods) and higher magnet strength are likely to yield larger differentiation of individuals with autism and healthy controls.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In fact, studies of other neuropsychiatric disorders have reported alterations of CC size (65).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion > Limitations and Future Directions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] Hutchinson, 2008, Corpus callosum morphology in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review, Neuropsychology source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Findings were concordant with studies applying other imaging methods, supporting the aberrant connectivity hypothesis in autism (15-18).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Herbert, 2004, Localization of white matter volume increase in autism and developmental disorder, Ann Neurol source
- Not checked yetcites [16] Horwitz, 1988, The cerebral metabolic landscape in autism: Intercorrelations of regional glucose utilization, Arch Neurol source
- Not checked yetcites [17] Just, 2007, Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism: Evidence from an fMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry, Cereb Cortex source
- Not checked yetcites [18] Castelli, 2002, Autism, Asperger syndrome, and brain mechanisms for the attribution of mental states to animated shapes, Brain source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Random effects models indicated little change in weighted mean effect sizes and negligible widening of confidence intervals relative to fixed effects models.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Method > Statistical Analysis
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, as in any meta-analysis, the heterogeneity of study methods and samples complicate interpretation of moderating factors.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion > Limitations and Future Directions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These analyses were restricted to a priori hypotheses regarding average age, correction for total brain volume, functional level of autism participants, magnet strength, and method index as moderators of total CC effect sizes.”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Method > Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This is particularly relevant since recent imaging studies in autism have shown that the most abnormal aspect of brain development in this disorder is often the time course and trajectory rather the final product (2, 39).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion > Limitations and Future Directions
What the sources say
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the body of studies included a number of methodologically rigorous reports, with 6 of the 10 studies receiving scores of 12.5 or above (out of 15) on the method index (median=12.75).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The corpus callosum (CC) is the main fiber tract connecting the hemispheres and is topographically organized (35).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Witelson, 1989, Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum, Brain source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Aberrant connectivity theory posits dysfunction in the long-distance connections between cortical brain regions in autism, resulting in impairments in complex cognitive processes such as executive functions, social cognition, and language (14).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Williams, 2007, Understanding autism and related disorders: What has imaging taught us?, Neuroimaging Clin N Am source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Anterior CC regions represent fibers from pre-frontal cortices; mid/body regions are composed of fibers from pre-motor, motor, parietal, and superior temporal cortices; and the posterior region represents fibers from inferior temporal and occipital cortices (25).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Hardan, 2000, Corpus callosum size in autism, Neurology source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The CC provides integrated inter-hemispheric communication between homotopic and heterotopic cortical regions (50).”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] Paul, 2007, Agenesis of the corpus callosum: Genetic, developmental and functional aspects of connectivity, Nat Rev Neurosci source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Pre-/supplementary motor regions are crucial for motor planning.
“Pre-/supplementary motor regions are crucial for motor planning and disruption of these regions may be the neural substrate for impairments in fine motor skills and imitation observed in autism.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The samples in the included studies are representative of the broader population of individuals with autism.
“CC reductions are present in autism and support the aberrant connectivity hypothesis.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Patients with agenesis of corpus callosum show difficulties in language and social communication [45, 276, 357], and decreased volume of the corpus callosum has been found in ASD (see meta-analysis in [114]).”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [114]
Statistics that don’t add up
Each reported p-value recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“t(4)=1.95, p=.112”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
Reported p = .112 · recomputed p = .123
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“z = 3.07, p<.001”
§ A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism > Results
Reported p < .001 · recomputed p = .002
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Doesn’t add upz = 3.07reported p < .001 · recomputed p = .002
“z = 3.07, p < .001”
- Doesn’t add upt(4) = 1.95reported p = .112 · recomputed p = .123
“t(4)=1.95, p = .112”
- Consistentz = 5.17reported p < .0001 · recomputed p < .001
“(z = 5.17, p < .0001”
- ConsistentF(1, 7) = 3.23reported p = .115 · recomputed p = .115
“F(1,7)=3.23, p = .115”
- ConsistentF(5, 4) = 15.76reported p = .01 · recomputed p = .010
“F(5,4)=15.76, p = .010”
- Consistentt(4) = 4.32reported p = .012 · recomputed p = .012
“t(4)=4.32, p = .012”
- Consistentt(4) = 2.68reported p = .055 · recomputed p = .055
“t(4)=2.68, p = .055”
- Consistentt(8) = 3.26reported p = .012 · recomputed p = .012
“t(8)=3.26, p = .012”
- Consistentt(8) = 1.43reported p = .192 · recomputed p = .191
“t(8)=1.43, p = .192”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,842
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,600
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,415
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frazier, T. W., & Hardan, A. Y.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frazier, Thomas W.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 935-941
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2783565
- OpenAlex
- W2030458571
- Semantic Scholar
- b6f5dab1bca29deadfa1b8d942ac33b176b86b75
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH064027, MH-64027, R01MH083972, MH-083972)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, corpus callosum
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Child, Corpus Callosum, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Databases, Factual
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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