Understanding autism and related disorders: What has imaging taught us?
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Structural imaging studies of autism have documented increased total brain volume and early acceleration in brain growth. Functional MR imaging (fMRI) studies in autism have also led to the view of autism as a disorder of cortical functioning in which functional connectivity or synchronization of brain regions and cortical activity are disturbed with atypical cortical specialization.
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Aberrant connectivity theory posits dysfunction in long-distance connections between cortical brain regions in autism, resulting in impairments in complex cognitive processes such as executive functions, social cognition, and language.
“Aberrant connectivity theory posits dysfunction in the long-distance connections between cortical brain regions in autism, resulting in impairments in complex cognitive processes such as executive functions, social cognition, and language (14).”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism (2009) · cites this paper as [14]
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Sorted by citations
Martino, A. D., Ross, K. V., Uddin, L. Q., Sklar, A. B., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.022 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Rapoport, J. L., Chavez, A. M., GREENSTEIN, D. K., Addington, A. M., & Gogtay, N. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31818b1c63 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Vissers, M. E., Cohen, M. X., & Geurts, H. M. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.09.003 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Distortions and disconnections: Disrupted brain connectivity in autism
Wass, S. V. (2010) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2010.10.005 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism
O'Hearn, K., Asato, M., Ordaz, S., & Luna, B. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000527 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
“Atypical development of functional connectivity could support the generalized impairments found in certain neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism (Williams & Minshew, 2007).”
BackgroundA Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism
Frazier, T. W., & Hardan, A. Y. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.022 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Autism and ADHD: how far have we come in the comorbidity debate
Gargaro, B. A., Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Tonge, B. J., & Sheppard, D. M. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.002 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
“This review is consistent with the study by Williams and Minshew (2007) who suggested the presence of disorganised cortical networks in autism and disturbance of functional connectivity and synchronisation.”
BackgroundResultAutistic Disorders and Schizophrenia: Related or Remote? An Anatomical Likelihood Estimation
Cheung, C., Yu, K., Fung, G., Leung, M.-K., Wong, C. H. Y., Li, Q., Sham, P. C., Chua, S. E., & McAlonan, G. M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012233 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“[12,16,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36, 37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48].”
Neural Basis of Self and Other Representation in Autism: An fMRI Study of Self-Face Recognition
Uddin, L. Q., Davies, M. S., Scott, A. A., Zaidel, E., Bookheimer, S. Y., Iacoboni, M., & Dapretto, M. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003526 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Several imaging studies have shown both structural and functional brain abnormalities in individuals with ASD (see [6] and [7] for reviews), but reports are still far from consistent.”
BackgroundAMPAKINE enhancement of social interaction in the BTBR mouse model of autism
Silverman, J. L., Oliver, C. F., Karras, M. N., Gastrell, P. T., & Crawley, J. N. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.013 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“…temporal sulcus, fusiform gyrus, cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, amygdala, and their connections (Adolphs et al., 2001; Just et al., 2012; Pelphrey and Carter, 2008; Philip et al., 2012; Pina-Camacho et al., 2011; Solomon et al., 2009; Williams and Minshew, 2007).”
Minshew, N. J., & Hobson, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0528-4 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationAutism Traits in Individuals with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Lau, Y. C., Hinkley, L. B. N., Bukshpun, P., Strominger, Z. A., Wakahiro, M. L. J., Baron‐Cohen, S., Allison, C. L., Bonnie Auyeung, B., Jeremy, R. J., Nagarajan, S. S., et al. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1653-2 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Neural Correlates of Own Name and Own Face Detection in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Cygan, H. B., Tacikowski, P., Ostaszewski, P., Chojnicka, I., & Nowicka, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086020 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“[1], [2].”
Blood and brain glutamate levels in children with autistic disorder
Hassan, T., Abdelrahman, H. M., Fattah, N. R. A., Elmasry, N., Hashim, H. M., El-Gerby, K., & Raafat, N. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.12.005 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Huijbregts, S. C. J., & de Sonneville, L. M. J. (2010) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-010-9430-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“autism spectrum disorders (cf. Acosta and Pearl 2004; Moore et al. 2000; Steen et al. 2001; Vaccarino et al. 2009; Williams and Minshew 2007), previous studies focused more on internalizing behavior (including emotional”
BackgroundAge-related abnormalities in white matter microstructure in autism spectrum disorders
Kleinhans, N. M., Pauley, G., Richards, T. L., Neuhaus, E., Martin, N., Corrigan, N. M., Shaw, D., Estes, A. M., & Dager, S. R. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.056 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Brain imaging studies of adolescent and adult individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) suggest that abnormalities in neural circuitry and connectivity are present (for review, see Williams and Minshew, 2007).”
BackgroundVoineskos, A. N., Lett, T. A. P., Lerch, J. P., Tiwari, A. K., Ameis, S. H., Rajji, T. K., Müller, D. J., Mulsant, B. H., & Kennedy, J. L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020982 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Thus, developmental abnormalities in white matter growth seems important in the etioneuropathology of ASD [37].”
BackgroundNeuroimaging in children, adolescents and young adults with psychological trauma
Rinne-Albers, M. A. W., van der Wee, N. J. A., Lamers-Winkelman, F., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2013) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0410-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“A review by Williams in the same year on neuroimaging studies that helped explaining the nature of autism and related disorders, included almost 40 studies [56].”
BackgroundMouse Models of Autism: Testing Hypotheses About Molecular Mechanisms
Roullet, F., & Crawley, J. N. (2011) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2010_113 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript including cortical connectivity abnormalities (Williams and Minshew 2007), minimal activation of the fusiform gyrus and amygdala during social tasks (Pelphrey et al. 2002), insufficient GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission (McDougle et al.…”
BackgroundMapping brain abnormalities in boys with autism
Brun, C., Nicolson, R., Leporé, N., Chou, Y., Vidal, C. N., DeVito, T. J., Drost, D. J., Williamson, P., Rajakumar, N., Toga, A. W., et al. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20814 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“, 2008], but there has yet to be agreement on the anatomical extent, timing, and consistency across subjects of the biological abnormalities [Williams and Minshew, 2007].”
BackgroundPina‐Camacho, L., Villero, S., Fraguas, D., Boada, L., Janssen, J., Navas-Sánchez, F. J., Mayoral, M., Llorente, C., Arango, C., & Parellada, M. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1360-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Analysis of cortical shape in children with simplex autism
Dierker, D. L., Feczko, E., Pruett, J. R., Petersen, S. E., Schlaggar, B. L., Constantino, J. N., Harwell, J. W., Coalson, T. S., & Van Essen, D. C. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht294 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Yan, W., Rangaprakash, D., & Deshpande, G. (2018) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Between-group differences obtained from both datasets were largely consistent with those obtained from previous studies (Di Martino et al., 2014; Lynch et al., 2013; Washington et al., 2014; Maximo et al., 2014; Uddin and Menon, 2009; Williams and Minshew, 2007; Assaf et al., 2010).”
Chmielewski, W. X., & Beste, C. (2014) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Volumetric and Voxel-Based Morphometry Findings in Autism Subjects With and Without Macrocephaly
Bigler, E. D., Abildskov, T. J., Petrie, J. A., Johnson, M., LANGE, N. D., Chipman, J., Lu, J. K., McMahon, W., & Lainhart, J. E. (2010) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641003696817 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“If proportionally larger WM volume is still found in autism subjects compared to a control sample that includes cases of benign macrocephaly and RD this would support theories of parenchymal overgrowth and neuropathological connectivity involving WM in autism ( Barnea-Goraly et al, 2004 ; Herbert & Kenet, 2007 ; Herbe…”
BackgroundResultName recognition in autism: EEG evidence of altered patterns of brain activity and connectivity
Nowicka, A., Cygan, H. B., Tacikowski, P., Ostaszewski, P., & Kuś, R. (2016) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0102-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“gaze direction and other people’s intentions [5, 6].”
Moreno, H., Burghardt, N. S., Vela‐Duarte, D., Masciotti, J. M., Hua, F., Fenton, A. A., Schwaller, B., & Small, S. A. (2011) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20957 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Although a positive correlation between volume and function is often assumed, a negative correlation similar to the one we found here has been reported in autism (Williams and Minshew, 2007).”
Fecteau, S., Agosta, S., Oberman, L. M., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07726.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…et al., 2004; Courchesne & Pierce, 2005; Courchesne et al., 2005; Herbert, 2005; Lainhart et al., 2006; Hughes, 2007; Minshew & Williams, 2007; Williams & Minshew, 2007; Groen et al., 2008; Hadders-Algra, 2008; Müller et al., 2008) [aberrant connectivity in ASD was also discussed in the…”
Phonological processing in first‐degree relatives of individuals with autism: An fMRI study
Wilson, L. B., Tregellas, J. R., Slason, E., Pasko, B. E., Hepburn, S., & Rojas, D. C. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22001 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…et al., 2007; Boddaert et al., 2004; Herbert et al., 2002; Hyde et al., 2010; Jou et al., 2010; Kleinhans et al., 2008; Verhoeven et al., 2010; Williams and Minshew, 2007] and these abnormalities have been proposed to contribute to the language and communication deficits that are a core…”
BackgroundResultAng, C., & MacDougall, F. A. (2022) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-022-00647-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), research examining brains between individuals with and without ASD has found that individuals with ASD have abnormalities in grey and white matter in some regions of the brain, including the amygdala, cerebellum, and many other regions (Williams & Minshew, 2007).”
BackgroundBrown‐Lum, M., & Zwicker, J. G. (2017) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2016.1271295 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“For example, neuroimaging studies have revealed that autism develops early in the process of brain development—which results in atypical brain organization and communication within and between regions of the brain (Minshew & Williams, 2007; Sparks et al., 2002; Williams & Minshew, 2007).”
BackgroundNass, R. D., & Ross, G. S. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0434-1.00086-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Neuropsychologische Modelle von Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen
Dziobek, I., & Bölte, S. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000094 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Social Timing Model of Autism, Informed by Typical Development
Wimpory, D. C. (2015) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004230699_004 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…regions of the temporal lobe (Ecker et al., 2010; Salmond et al., 2005). fMRI indicates altered intra-brain communication between neural networks (Williams and Minshew, 2007) that is supported by previous findings of a reduction in long-range axons in asd shown through Diffusion Tensor Imaging…”
Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship-Based (DIR) Model
Wieder, S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_615 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Biomarkers and Imaging: Physics and Chemistry for Noninvasive Analyses
Moyer, B. R., & Barrett, J. A. (2009) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.09.30 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Antoniou, E., Rigas, N., Orovou, E., & Papatrechas, A. (2021) · The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine · doi:10.4236/jbm.2021.94001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Therefore, a child with ASD and ADHD shall exhibit more ADHD symptoms [58].”
BackgroundKaiser, M. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/11980.001.0001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kumar, V., & Garg, R. D. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.21261165 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…that reviewed the task-based fMRI studies in ASD (Philip et al., 2012, Vissers et al., 2012, Minshew and Keller, 2010, Wass, 2011, NJ and DL, 2007, Anagnostou and Taylor, 2011, Maximo et al., 2014, Pina-Camacho et al., 2012, Harms et al., 2010, Sanders et al., 2008, Williams and Minshew, 2007).”
BackgroundMcLucas, A. S., Som, S., Fleming, J., Ingvarsson, E. T., & Therrien, W. J. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/s10864-024-09561-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Because VM relies on visual, rather than auditory presentation, it may be a better fit for autistic individuals due to the differences in neurological processing for this population (Williams, 2007).”
Grasman, R., Huizenga, H., & Geurts, H. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.016 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Libero, L. E., & Kana, R. K. (2013) · Imaging in Medicine · doi:10.2217/iim.13.46 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bildgebung bei Autismusspektrumstörungen
Dziobek, I., & Koehne, S. (2011) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-010-3240-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Miller, S. M. (2020) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24943 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Just as it has been proposed that autism is a disconnection syndrome (Williams & Minshew, 2007), a similar proposition exists for BD (Perry et al., 2018; who referred to it as a “dysconnection” syndrome) and it is also not difficult to see the sticky switch model in a disconnection or dysconnection…”
BackgroundPrata, J., Coelho, R., & Lawson, W. B. (2018) · Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment · doi:10.6000/2292-2598.2018.06.01.3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Williams and Minshew (2007) [69] found that individuals on the AS appeared to use different neural circuits to interact socially, work out intention and connection between facial expressions and emotions; appreciate movement, motion and language; and”
BackgroundAnderson, J. S., Ferguson, M. A., & Nielsen, J. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6843-1_10 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wilson, G. N., & Tonk, V. S. (2018) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2018.83023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Whiting, S. E., Carson, A. M., Clark, G., & Schwartz, D. D. (2019) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2018.1563631 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…to the cerebellum proper as well as secondary damage to cerebellar tracts and connected brain areas, which is consistent with the evidence that both impaired cerebellar development and abnormal brain connectivity are likely implicated in autism (Limperopoulos, 2009; Williams & Minshew, 2007).”
BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder with microdeletion 10q26 by subtelomere FISH
WILSON, W., & Tonk, V. S. (2011) · Pediatric Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/phmt.s15665 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
Mash, E. J., & Wolfe, D. A. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop208002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Rojas, R., Machado, C., Batista, K., Carballo, M., & Leisman, G. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16321-5_6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pichiecchio, A., & Carigi, T. (2016) · Autism - Open Access · doi:10.4172/2165-7890.1000161 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Although the available data is limited, we suggest that the GM results we obtained might be related to the young age of our cohort; this would, in turn, suggest that GM changes occur before WM ones, as previously reported by [35].”
ResultAn Examination of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to Human Evolution and Life History Theory
Lomelin, D. E. (2010) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development of Biological Motion Processing in Normalcy and Pathology
Pavlova, M. A. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393705.003.0011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kane, P., Cartaxo, A., & Deth, R. C. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420067637.sec6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Batouli, S. A. H., Razavi, F., Sisakhti, M., Oghabian, Z., Ahmadzade, H., & Doost, M. T. (2021) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.2021.1774.3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…2011; Brambilla et al., 2004; Cody et al., 2002; Dichter, 2012; Mueller et al., 2012; Philip et al., 2012; Pina-Camacho et al., 2012; Stigler et al., 2011; Ver-hoeven et al., 2010; Voineagu & Yoo, 2013; Williams & Minshew, 2007), and only five articles provided biomarkers for autism diagnosis.”
BackgroundAutism Traits in Individuals with Agenesis of the Corpus
Lau, Y., Nagarajan, H. S. S., Marco, E. J., Strominger, Z. A., Baron‐Cohen, S., Allison, C., Bonnie Auyeung, B., & Jeremy, R. J. (2012) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Wieder, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_615-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Children with Autism: Evidence-Based Neuroimaging
Hedlund, G. L. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3320-0_19
No New Neurobiology Yet for Autism—Reply
Minshew, N. J. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2007.26
Self-citationImaging Platforms and Drug Development: An Introduction
Moyer, B. R. (2013) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8247-5_1
AUTYZM DZIECIĘCY. WCZESNA DIAGNOZA I TERAPIA CAŁOŚCIOWYCH ZABURZEŃ ROZWOJU
Małachowska, E. D., & Khyzhna, O. (2021) · Наукові записки · doi:10.31392/nz-npu-145.2019.24
Was erklärbar ist: Ätiologie und Entwicklungspsychopathologie
Remschmidt, H., & Theisen, F. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-36273-9_3
Was erklärbar ist: Ätiologie und Entwicklungspsychopathologie
Sinzig, J. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13071-7_3
Woodbury‐Smith, M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_90
Ünsaldi-Cordier, I. (2016) · Psychologues et Psychologies · doi:10.3917/pep.247.0016
Transtorno de déficit de atenção e transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento: diferenças e semelhanças
Revers, M. D. C., & de Moraes, C. (2012) · Debates em Psiquiatria · doi:10.25118/2763-9037.2012.v2.985
(2013) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Williams, D. L., & Minshew, N. J.
- Affiliations
- Duquesne University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Minshew, Nancy J.
- Venue
- Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 495-509
- ISSN
- 1052-5149 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2223073
- OpenAlex
- W1986253091
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Neuroimaging Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (K23DC006691)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U19HD35469, U19HD035469)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, brain volume, brain growth, functional connectivity, cortical specialization, cortical dysfunction, neuroimaging of autism
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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