Connectomic disturbances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a whole-brain tractography analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background Few studies have sought to identify, in a regionally unbiased way, the precise cortical and subcortical regions that are affected by white matter abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to derive a comprehensive, whole-brain characterization of connectomic disturbances in ADHD.Methods Using diffusion tensor imaging, whole-brain tractography, and an imaging connectomics approach, we characterized altered white matter connectivity in 71 children and adolescents with ADHD compared with 26 healthy control subjects. White matter differences were further delineated between patients with (n = 40) and without (n = 26) the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype of ADHD.Results A significant network comprising 25 distinct fiber bundles linking 23 different brain regions spanning frontal, striatal, and cerebellar brain regions showed altered white matter structure in ADHD patients (p < .05, family-wise error-corrected). Moreover, fractional anisotropy in some of these fiber bundles correlated with attentional disturbances. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes were differentiated by a right-lateralized network (p < .05, family-wise error-corrected) predominantly linking frontal, cingulate, and supplementary motor areas. Fractional anisotropy in this network was also correlated with continuous performance test scores.Conclusions Using an unbiased, whole-brain, data-driven approach, we demonstrated abnormal white matter connectivity in ADHD. The correlations observed with measures of attentional performance underscore the functional importance of these connectomic disturbances for the clinical phenotype of ADHD. A distributed pattern of white matter microstructural integrity separately involving frontal, striatal, and cerebellar brain regions, rather than direct frontostriatal connectivity, appears to be disrupted in children and adolescents with ADHD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In children and adolescents with ADHD, inattention is linked to reduced brain connectivity in the frontal, anterior cingulate, temporal, and parietal regions.
“In children and adolescents with ADHD, inattention was linked to reduced brain connectivity not only in the frontal but also in the anterior cingulate, temporal, and parietal regions [28].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
These DTI findings in young adults with an ADHD diagnosis are in agreement with recent data using whole-brain tractography, which revealed widespread disturbances in WM connectivity of children and adolescents involving frontal, striatal, and cerebellar brain regions.
“These DTI findings in young adults with an ADHD diagnosis are in agreement with recent data using whole-brain tractography [28], which revealed widespread disturbances in WM connectivity of children and adolescents involving frontal, striatal, and cerebellar brain regions.”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148 · see citing works
Nonparametric permutation tests for functional neuroimaging: A primer with examples
Nichols, T. E., & Holmes, A. P. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.1058 · Cited by 6,256 · see citing works
The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942 · Cited by 5,346 · see citing works
BrainNet Viewer: A Network Visualization Tool for Human Brain Connectomics
Xia, M., Wang, J., & He, Y. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068910 · Cited by 4,106 · see citing works
The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging
Haber, S. N., & Knutson, B. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129 · Cited by 3,718 · see citing works
Network-based statistic: identifying differences in brain networks
Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., & Bullmore, E. T. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.041 · Cited by 2,750 · see citing works
Self-citationWhole-brain anatomical networks: does the choice of nodes matter?
Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., Harding, I. H., Cocchi, L., Yücel, M., Pantelis, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.027 · Cited by 1,169 · see citing works
Self-citationDiffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI) tractography of crossing fibers
Wedeen, V. J., Wang, R., Schmahmann, J. D., Benner, T., Tseng, W. I., Dai, G., Pandya, D. Ν., Hagmann, P., D'Arceuil, H. E., & de Crespigny, A. J. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.036 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
The cerebellum communicates with the basal ganglia
Hoshi, E., Tremblay, L., Féger, J., Carras, P. L., & Strick, P. L. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1544 · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Large-scale brain systems in ADHD: beyond the prefrontal–striatal model
Castellanos, F. X., & Proal, E. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.007 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
CASEY, B. J., CASTELLANOS, F. X., GIEDD, J. N., MARSH, W. L., HAMBURGER, S. D., SCHUBERT, A. B., VAUSS, Y. C., VAITUZIS, A. C., DICKSTEIN, D. P., SARFATTI, S. E., et al. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199703000-00016 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Frazier, T. W., Demaree, H. A., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.543 · Cited by 792 · cited 2× · see citing works
“IQ was higher in healthy control subjects (26), and no significant difference was found between the two groups in social and obstetric variables, except higher paternal education level in healthy control subjects.”
Functional organization of human supplementary motor cortex studied by electrical stimulation
Fried, I., Katz, A., McCarthy, G., Sass, K., Williamson, P., Spencer, S., & Spencer, D. (1991) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03656.1991 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Hart, H., Radua, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.277 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
The cerebellum in Parkinson’s disease
Wu, T., & Hallett, M. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws360 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Conscious intention and motor cognition
Haggard, P. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.04.012 · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Konrad, K., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21058 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Nakao, T., Radua, J., Rubia, K., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020281 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Arnsten, A. F. T., & Rubia, K. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.008 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Lau, H. C., Rogers, R. D., Haggard, P., & Passingham, R. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1090973 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Relations Between Continuous Performance Test Performance Measures and ADHD Behaviors
Epstein, J. N., Erkanli, A., Conners, C. K., Klaric, J., Costello, J. E., & Angold, A. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1025405216339 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Krain, A. L., & Castellanos, F. X. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.01.005 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Developmental Normative Data on The Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.™)
Greenberg, L. M., & Waldmant, I. D. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01105.x · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Disrupted axonal fiber connectivity in schizophrenia
Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., Seal, M. L., Cocchi, L., Westin, C.-F., Bullmore, E. T., Egan, G. F., & Pantelis, C. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.022 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Self-citationAdolescent impulsivity phenotypes characterized by distinct brain networks
the IMAGEN Consortium, Whelan, R., Conrod, P. J., Poline, J.-B., Lourdusamy, A., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bellgrove, M. A., Büchel, C., Byrne, M., et al. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3092 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
van Ewijk, H., Heslenfeld, D. J., Zwiers, M. P., Buitelaar, J. K., & Oosterlaan, J. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.003 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Discovering the Human Connectome
Sporns, O. (2012) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9266.001.0001 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks
Bush, G. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.120 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Conserved and variable architecture of human white matter connectivity
Bassett, D. S., Brown, J. A., Deshpande, V. S., Carlson, J. M., & Grafton, S. T. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.006 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Kim, Y. S., Cheon, K.-A. A., Kim, B., Chang, S. A., Yoo, H. J., Kim, J., Cho, S. C., Seo, D. H., Bae, M. O., So, Y. K., et al. (2004) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2004.45.1.81 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationLim, S. H., Dinner, D. S., Pillay, P. K., Lüders, H. O., Morris, H. H., Klem, G. H., Wyllie, E., & Awad, I. A. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(94)90068-x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Concepts and principles in the analysis of brain networks
Wig, G. S., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05947.x · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Changes of Brain Structure and Function in ADHD Children
Qiu, M., Ye, Z., Li, Q., Liu, G., Xie, B., & Wang, J. (2010) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-010-0168-4 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Psychostimulant treatment and the developing cortex in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Shaw, P., Sharp, W. S., Morrison, M., Eckstrand, K., Greenstein, D. K., Clasen, L. S., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050781 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Connectivity differences in brain networks
Zalesky, A., Cocchi, L., Fornito, A., Murray, M. M., & Bullmore, E. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.068 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citationFrontostriatal connectivity and its role in cognitive control in parent-child dyads with ADHD
Casey, B. J., Epstein, J. N., Buhle, J., Liston, C., Davidson, M. C., Tonev, S. T., Spicer, J., Niogi, S., Millner, A. J., Reiss, A., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06101754 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Window into White Matter Integrity of the Working Brain
Chanraud, S., Zahr, N. M., Sullivan, E. V., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2010) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9129-7 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Shaw, P., Lalonde, F., Lepage, C., Rabin, C., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Greenstein, D., Evans, A., Giedd, J. N., & Rapoport, J. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.103 · Cited by 249 · cited 2× · see citing works
“(48) demonstrated that right-handed, typically developing children exhibit relative gain in righthemispheric thickness in the lateral orbitofrontal and inferior frontal cortex, which was absent in right-handed ADHD children,”
Durston, S., van Belle, J., & de Zeeuw, P. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.037 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Pavuluri, M. N., Yang, S., Kamineni, K., Passarotti, A. M., Srinivasan, G., Harral, E. M., Sweeney, J. A., & Zhou, X. J. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.015 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Silk, T. J., Vance, A., Rinehart, N., Bradshaw, J. L., & Cunnington, R. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20703 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Makris, N., Buka, S. L., Biederman, J., Papadimitriou, G. M., Hodge, S. M., Valera, E. M., Brown, A. B., Bush, G., Monuteaux, M. C., Caviness, V. S., et al. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm156 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Liston, C., Cohen, M. M., Teslovich, T., Levenson, D., & Casey, B. J. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.022 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Cao, Q., Shu, N., An, L., Wang, P., Sun, L., Xia, M., Wang, J.-H., Gong, G., Zang, Y., Yf, W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4793-12.2013 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Towards Conceptualizing a Neural Systems-Based Anatomy of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Makris, N., Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., & Seidman, L. J. (2009) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000207492 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Altered white matter microstructure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Nagel, B. J., Bathula, D., Herting, M., Schmitt, C., Kroenke, C. D., Fair, D., & Nigg, J. T. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.003 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Decreased Functional Brain Connectivity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction
Hong, S.-B., Zalesky, A., Cocchi, L., Fornito, A., Choi, E.-J., Kim, H.-H., Suh, J.-E., Kim, C.-D., Kim, J.-W., & Yi, S.-H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057831 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationReduced white matter integrity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Hamilton, L. S., Levitt, J. G., O'Neill, J., Alger, J. R., Luders, E., Phillips, O. R., Caplan, R., Toga, A. W., McCracken, J., & Narr, K. L. (2008) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283174415 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Frontal lobe and posterior parietal contributions to the cortico-cerebellar system
Ramnani, N. (2012) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-011-0272-3 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Cocchi, L., Bramati, I. E., Zalesky, A., Furukawa, E., Fontenelle, L. F., Moll, J., Tripp, G., & Mattos, P. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3272-12.2012 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationKobel, M., Bechtel, N., Specht, K., Klarhöfer, M., Weber, P., Scheffler, K., Opwis, K., & Penner, I. (2010) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.03.010 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
A STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF ADHD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
Cho, S.-Z., SunYoung, C., Hong, K.-E. M., & Shin, M. (2000) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, L., Rilling, J. K., Preuss, T. M., Glasser, M. F., & Hu, X. P. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21332 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Kébir, O., Tabbane, K., Sengupta, S. M., & Joober, R. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0913 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
An, L., Cao, X.-H., Cao, Q.-J., Sun, L., Yang, L., Zou, Q.-H., Katya, R., Zang, Y.-F., & Wang, Y.-F. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.27 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Kollins, S., Anastopoulos, A., Lachiewicz, A., Fitzgerald, D., Morrissey-Kane, E., Garrett, M., Keatts, S., & Ashley-Koch, A. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30876 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Wu, M. Y., Gau, S. S., Lo, Y., & Tseng, W. I. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22169 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hong, S. -B., Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., Park, S., Yang, Y. -H., Park, M. -H., Song, I. -C., Sohn, C. -H., Shin, M. -S., Kim, B. -N., Cho, S. -C., Han, D. H., Cheong, J. H. & Kim, J. -W. (2014). Connectomic Disturbances in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Whole-Brain Tractography Analysis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 76 (8), pp.656-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.013. Persistent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/44055
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, F., Daducci, A., He, Y., Schiavi, S., Seguin, C., Smith, R. E., Yeh, C.-H., Zhao, T., & O’Donnell, L. J. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118870 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
“order (ADHD) [73, 74, 124, 221] and autism [231, 273, 487,”
Prenatal stress and the developing brain: Risks for neurodevelopmental disorders
den Bergh, B. R. H. V., Dahnke, R., & Mennes, M. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000342 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Structural and functional neuroimaging in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Albajara Sáenz, A., Villemonteix, T., & Massat, I. (2019) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.14050 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Imaging Functional and Structural Brain Connectomics in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Cao, M., Shu, N., Cao, Q., Wang, Y., & Yong He, A. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8685-x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Multimodal neuroimaging computing: a review of the applications in neuropsychiatric disorders
Liu, S., Cai, W., Liu, S., Zhang, F., FULHAM, M., Feng, D., Pujol, S., & Kikinis, R. (2015) · Brain Informatics · doi:10.1007/s40708-015-0019-x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Monden, Y., Dan, I., Nagashima, M., Dan, H., Uga, M., Ikeda, T., Tsuzuki, D., Kyutoku, Y., Gunji, Y., Hirano, D., et al. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.06.011 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Dougherty, C. C., Evans, D. W., Myers, S. M., Moore, G. J., & Michael, A. M. (2016) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9300-2 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Gehricke, J.-G., Kruggel, F., Thampipop, T., Alejo, S. D., Tatos, E., Fallon, J., & Muftuler, L. T. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175433 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Parlatini, V., Itahashi, T., Lee, Y., Liu, S., Nguyen, T. T., Aoki, Y. Y., Forkel, S. J., Catani, M., Rubia, K., Zhou, J. H., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02173-1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Speranza, L., Labus, J., Volpicelli, F., Guseva, D., Lacivita, E., Leopoldo, M., Bellenchi, G. C., di Porzio, U., Bijata, M., Perrone‐Capano, C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13962 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Onnink, A. M. H., Zwiers, M. P., Hoogman, M., Mostert, J. C., Dammers, J., Kan, C. C., Vasquez, A. A., Schene, A. H., Buitelaar, J., & Franke, B. (2015) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.008 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Saad, J. F., Griffiths, K. R., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2020.00031 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Altered structural connectivity in ADHD: a network based analysis
Beare, R. J., Adamson, C. L., Bellgrove, M. A., Vilgis, V., Vance, A. L. A., Seal, M. L., & Silk, T. J. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9559-9 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Wu, Z.-M., Bralten, J., Cao, Q., Hoogman, M., Zwiers, M. P., Li, A., Sun, L., Yang, L., Zang, Y., Franke, B., et al. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.223 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Opportunities and Challenges for Psychiatry in the Connectomic Era
Fornito, A., Bullmore, E. T., & Zalesky, A. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.08.003 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationHeidbreder, R. (2015) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-015-0171-4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Imaging structural covariance in the development of intelligence
Khundrakpam, B. S., Lewis, J. D., Reid, A., Karama, S., Zhao, L., Chouinard-Decorte, F., & Evans, A. C. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.041 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD
Connaughton, M., Whelan, R., O’Hanlon, E., & McGrath, J. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102957 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Genetic architecture of the structural connectome
Wainberg, M., Forde, N. J., Mansour, S., Kerrebijn, I., Medland, S. E., Hawco, C. S., & Tripathy, S. J. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46023-2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Oh, S., Choi, J., Han, D. H., & Kim, E. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02174-z · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationSaad, J. F., Griffiths, K. R., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S. P., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.05.016 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Peña, I. D., Pan, M. C., Thai, C. G., & Alisso, T. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10050292 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Guanfacine Extended Release: A New Pharmacological Treatment Option in Europe
Huß, M., Chen, W., & Ludolph, A. G. (2015) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-015-0336-0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Wen, H., Liu, Y., Rekik, I., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Peng, Y., & He, H. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23643 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Building an EEG-fMRI Multi-Modal Brain Graph: A Concurrent EEG-fMRI Study
Yu, Q., Wu, L., Bridwell, D. A., Erhardt, E. B., Du, Y., He, H., Chen, J., Liu, P., Jing Sui （Beijing Normal University）， my correct affiliation is beijing normal university, N. Q. U. O. S. A. T., Pearlson, G. D., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00476 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Jacobson, L. A., Peterson, D. J., Rosch, K. S., Crocetti, D., Mori, S., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.08.014 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Unique white matter microstructural patterns in ADHD presentations—a diffusion tensor imaging study
Svatkova, A., Nestrasil, I., Rudser, K., Goldenring Fine, J., Bledsoe, J., & Semrud‐Clikeman, M. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23243 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The biases introduced by anisotropic voxels are common to all groups and therefore are unlikely to provide spurious between-group results [Hong et al., 2014].”
MethodResultInfluentialCOMT genotype affects brain white matter pathways in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Hong, S.-B., Zalesky, A., Park, S., Yang, Y.-H., Park, M.-H., Kim, B., Song, I. C., Sohn, C., Shin, M., Kim, B.-N., et al. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22634 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite matter connectivity and Internet gaming disorder
Jeong, B., Han, D. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, S. W., & Renshaw, P. F. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12246 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationde Luis-Garcı́a, R., Piñol, G. C., Roncero, C. Í., Argibay-Quiñones, D., Barrio-Arranz, G., Aja‐Fernández, S., & Alberola‐López, C. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.014 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wu, W., McAnulty, G. B., Hamoda, H. M., Sarill, K., Karmacharya, S., Gagoski, B. A., Ning, L., Grant, P. E., Shenton, M. E., Waber, D. P., et al. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00108-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Structural brain network topology underpinning ADHD and response to methylphenidate treatment
Griffiths, K. R., Braund, T. A., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S. D., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01278-x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mode of Anisotropy Reveals Global Diffusion Alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Yoncheva, Y. N., Somandepalli, K., Reiss, P. T., Kelly, C. A. M., Martino, A. D., Lazar, M., Zhou, J. H., Milham, M. P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.011 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Huang, X., Wu, M. C., Li, K., Hu, X., Jiang, P., Chen, L., He, N., Dai, J., Wang, S., et al. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24743 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Altered structural connectivity is related to attention deficit/hyperactivity subtypes: A DTI study
Ercan, E. S., Süren, S., Bacanlı, A., Yazıcı, K. U., Çallı, C., Ardıç, Ü. A., Jafari, D. A., Kosova, B., Özyurt, O., Aydın, C., et al. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.002 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Tao, J., Jiang, X., Wang, X., Liu, H., Qian, A., Yang, C., Chen, H., Li, J., Ye, Q., Wang, J., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00246 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Genetic Insights Into ADHD Biology
Hayman, V., & Fernandez, T. V. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00251 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Multimodal neuroimaging computing: the workflows, methods, and platforms
Liu, S., Cai, W., Liu, S., Zhang, F., FULHAM, M. J., Feng, D. D., Pujol, S., & Kikinis, R. (2015) · Brain Informatics · doi:10.1007/s40708-015-0020-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Microstructural abnormalities of the brain white matter in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Chen, L., Huang, X., Lei, D., He, N., Hu, X., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Zhou, J., Guo, L., Kemp, G. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140199 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Exploring white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Bu, X., Liang, K., Lin, Q., Gao, Y., Qian, A., Chen, H., Chen, W., Wang, M., Yang, C., & Huang, X. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa113 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chien, Y.-L., Lin, H.-Y., Tung, Y.-H., Hwang, T.-J., Chen, C.-L., Wu, C.-S., Shang, C.-Y., Hwu, H.-G., Tseng, W.-Y. I., Liu, C.-M., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01636-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Prediction of sleep side effects following methylphenidate treatment in ADHD youth
Yoo, J. H., Sharma, V., Kim, J. W., McMakin, D. L., Hong, S.-B., Zalesky, A., Kim, B.-N., & Ryan, N. D. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102030 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationProspective memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review
Talbot, K.-D. S., Müller, U., & Kerns, K. A. (2017) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2017.1393563 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Forde, N. J., Ronan, L., Zwiers, M. P., Alexander‐Bloch, A. F., Faraone, S. V., Oosterlaan, J., Heslenfeld, D. J., Hartman, C. A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00218 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhang, K., Fu, Z., Lai, Q.-J., Zhao, Y., Liu, J., & Cao, Q. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110731 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Structural connectivity in adolescent synthetic cannabinoid users with and without ADHD
Celik, Z. C., Çolak, Ç., Biase, M. A. D., Zalesky, A., Zorlu, N., Bora, E., Kitiş, Ö., & Yüncü, Z. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-018-0023-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationHasler, R., Preti, M. G., Meskaldji, D. E., Prados, J., Adouan, W., Rodriguez, C. K., Toma, S., Hiller, N., Ismaili, T., Hofmeister, J., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Neural Correlates of Sensory Abnormalities Across Developmental Disabilities
Cardon, G. J. (2018) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2018.08.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rossi, A. S. U., Moura, L. M., de Mello, C. B., de Souza, A. A. L., Muszkat, M., & Bueno, O. F. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00122 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cerebellar network alterations in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Parkkinen, S., Raduà, J., Andrews, D. S., Murphy, D., Dell’Acqua, F., & Parlatini, V. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.230146 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kim, M., Kim, D., Bae, S., Han, D. H., & Jeong, B. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102263 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSoman, S. M., Vijayakumar, N., Ball, G., Hyde, C. E., & Silk, T. J. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.01.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Franczak, Ł., Podwalski, P., Wysocki, P., Dawidowski, B., Jędrzejewski, A., Jabłoński, M., & Samochowiec, J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13226906 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Jia, J., & Duan, H. (2017) · Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology · doi:10.1108/aeat-07-2015-0171 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bu, X., Yang, C., Liang, K., Lin, Q., Lu, L., Zhang, L., Li, H., Gao, Y., Tang, S., Hu, X., et al. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.190024 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Altered brain white matter microstructural asymmetry in children with ADHD
Wu, Z.-M., Wang, P., Yang, L., Liu, L., Sun, L., Li, A., Cao, Q., Chan, R. C. K., Yang, B., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112817 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Feng, Y., Zhi, D., Zhu, Y., Guo, X., Luo, X., Dang, C., Liu, L., Jing Sui （Beijing Normal University）， my correct affiliation is beijing normal university, N. Q. U. O. S. A. T., & Sun, L. (2023) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02303-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Meoded, A., Huisman, T. A. G. M., Casamassima, M. G. S., Jallo, G. I., & Poretti, A. (2017) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-017-1831-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
What do ADHD Neuroimaging Studies Reveal for Teachers, Teacher Educators and Inclusive Education?
Boon, H. J. (2020) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-019-09542-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Luo, Y., Schulz, K. P., Alvarez, T. L., Halperin, J. M., & Li, X. (2018) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.013 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Adult ADHD: it is old and new at the same time – what is it?
Custodio, R. J. P., Hengstler, J. G., Cheong, J. H., Kim, H. J., Wascher, E., & Getzmann, S. (2023) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2023-0071 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationAn, D., You, Y., Ma, Q., Xu, Z., Liu, Z., Liao, R., Chen, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Dai, H., et al. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.12.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Pathways in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and White Matter Microstructure
Bessette, K. L., & Stevens, M. C. G. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.09.007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ahmmed, A. U. (2017) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.010 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wu, L., Su, S., Dai, Y., Qiu, H., Lin, L., Zou, M., Qian, L., Liu, M., Zhang, H., Chen, Y., et al. (2023) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000533128 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hu, R., Tan, F., Chen, W., Wu, Y., Jiang, Y., Du, W., Zuo, Y., Gao, B., Song, Q., & Miao, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1237113 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Feng, Y., Zhu, Y., Guo, X., Luo, X., Dang, C., Liu, Q., Xu, C., Kang, S., Yin, G., Liang, T., et al. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231197206 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Shenton, M. E., Kubicki, M. R., & Makris, N. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.08.018 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
EEG Source Imaging Indices of Cognitive Control Show Associations with Dopamine System Genes
McLoughlin, G., Palmer, J., Makeig, S., Bigdely-Shamlo, N., Banaschewski, T., Laucht, M., & Brandeis, D. (2017) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-017-0601-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bridging global and local topology in whole-brain networks using the network statistic jackknife
Henry, T. R., Duffy, K. A., Rudolph, M. D., Nebel, M. B., Mostofsky, S. H., & Cohen, J. R. (2019) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00109 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Collantoni, E., Meneguzzo, P., Solmi, M., Tenconi, E., Manara, R., & Favaro, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01056 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Larsen, N. E., Craig, B. T., Hilderley, A. J., Virani, S., Murias, K., Brooks, B. L., Kirton, A., & Carlson, H. L. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2433 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Resting-State Brain Variability in Youth With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Hong, S., & Hwang, S.-S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.918700 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSaad, J. F., Griffiths, K. R., Kohn, M. R., Braund, T. A., Clarke, S. D., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245028 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rosch, K. S., Batschelett, M. A., Crocetti, D., Mostofsky, S. H., & Seymour, K. E. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114525 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gagnon, A., Grenier, G., Bocti, C., Gillet, V., Baccarelli, A., Posner, J., Descoteaux, M., & Takser, L. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac180 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ash, H., Chang, A., Ortiz, R. J., Kulkarni, P., Rauch, B. J., Colman, R. J., Ferris, C. F., & Ziegler, T. E. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113920 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Abnormal wiring of the structural connectome in adults with ADHD
Tolonen, T., Roine, T., Alho, K., Leppämäki, S., Tani, P., Koski, A., Laine, M., & Salmi, J. (2023) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00326 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Graph learning from band-limited data by graph Fourier transform analysis
Shan, B., Ni, W., Yuan, X., Yang, D., Wang, X., & Liu, R. P. (2023) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2023.108950 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tymofiyeva, O., Gano, D. L., Trevino, R. J., Glass, H. C., Flynn, T., Lundy, S. M., McQuillen, P. S., Ferriero, D. M., Barkovich, A. J., & Xu, D. (2018) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a5834 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gagnon, A., Descoteaux, M., Bocti, C., & Takser, L. (2022) · Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111568 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
He, H., Wen, H., Dai, D., & Wang, J. (2018) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68843-5_10 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Integration of Multimodal Data
Lorenzi, M., Deprez, M., Balelli, I., Aguila, A. L., & Altmann, A. (2023) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3195-9_19 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Eme, R. F. (2015) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2015.23.5.1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zu, Y., Pang, T., Luo, L., Liufu, C., Xu, Z., Li, W., Qian, Y., Lv, L., & Chang, S. (2026) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121795 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Students Well-Being and Internet Use During the Pandemic
Chiorean, C. (2023) · Educatia 21 · doi:10.24193/ed21.2023.25.05 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Xiao, K., Chang, X., Ye, C., Zhang, Z., Ma, T., & Su, J. (2025) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13897 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
da Silva, D. M. A. (2014) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2014.tde-01042014-092229 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Geller, B. (2014) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/nejm-jw.na33400
Maier, S. J., Nickel, K., Endres, D., & van Elst, L. T. (2019) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-0976-0875
Koppelmans, V. (2014) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/s12474-014-0054-z
Impulsivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Alshammari, N. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13437-1.00014-8
Histamine 2 receptor: Emerging target for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Shan, L., & Swaab, D. F. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102023
Charting the Normal Development of Structural Brain Connectivity in Utero Using Diffusion MRI
Karimi, D., Li, B., Taymourtash, A., Jaimes, C. E., Grant, P. E., & Warfield, S. K. (2026) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70609
Connaughton, M., Leemans, A., Silk, T. J., Anderson, V. A., O’Hanlon, E., Whelan, R., & McGrath, J. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.09.022 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Similitudes et différences entre le TDAH et le TSA, illustrées par l’étude du défaut d’inhibition
Septier, M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/22fe83c2z678fz4b7ezac95z1af4554dfcbf
Sidlauskaite, J. (2015) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
- Authors
- Hong, S.-B., Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., Park, S., Yang, Y.-H., Park, M.-H., Song, I.-C., Sohn, C.-H., Shin, M.-S., Kim, B.-N., Cho, S.-C., Han, D. H., Cheong, J. H., & Kim, J.-W.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital (KR)
- Seoul National University Hospital (KR)
- Chung-Ang University (KR)
- Sahmyook University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Jae-Won
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 656-663
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2102695881
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 10.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Basic Science Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (2010-0002283 to J-WK)
- Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A120013 to B-NK)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, white matter connectivity, connectomics, whole-brain tractography, hyperactive-impulsive subtype, fractional anisotropy, right lateralization, attentional performance, children and adolescents, diffusion tensor imaging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, Anisotropy, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Connectome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
