Atypical prefrontal connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pathway to disease or pathological end point?
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies have identified multiple nodes of dysfunction in frontostriatal and mesocorticolimbic networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet relatively few studies have examined how structural and functional connectivity between nodes in these networks might relate to the behavioral symptoms of ADHD. Moreover, it is unknown whether abnormalities in connectivity are a primary cause of symptoms or arise secondary to common etiologic mechanisms. We review the most recent diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of connectivity in ADHD to characterize associations between frontostriatal connectivity abnormalities and the behavioral symptoms of inattention and impulsivity in ADHD. Furthermore, we examine how structural and functional connectivity measures relate to environmental and genetic pathways to ADHD. Diffusion tensor imaging studies indicate that ADHD is associated with significant irregularities in white matter microstructure, especially in frontostriatal and select corticocortical tracts. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies implicate altered connectivity within a default mode network of structures active during introspective, task-free processes and disrupted interactions between this network and frontostriatal attentional systems. Deficits in functional connectivity within frontostriatal and mesocorticolimbic networks might give rise, in part, to ADHD symptoms. Conversely, structural connectivity deficits and ADHD symptoms might arise incidentally from a common etiologic mechanism, involving altered modulation of synaptic potentiation and pruning by dopamine and other factors during development. Collectively, these studies suggest that the core symptoms of ADHD might derive from dysregulated modulation of cortical plasticity in the developing brain, resulting in altered patterns of corticocortical connectivity that might persist into adulthood.
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Our findings corroborate an abnormal cortico-cortical connectivity that develops early and persists into young adulthood.
“With regards to microstructural brain abnormalities, our findings corroborate an abnormal cortico-cortical connectivity that develops early and persists into young adulthood [17].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Liston, C., Cohen, M. M., Teslovich, T., Levenson, D., & Casey, B. J.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Liston, Conor
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1168-1177
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086694643
- Semantic Scholar
- 4aaa2766b0fe2db648c41c61d8c4b9ac7ccfe8bf
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, prefrontal connectivity, fronto-striatal network, structural connectivity, functional connectivity, white matter microstructure, default mode network, inattention, impulsivity, dopamine, synaptic pruning, cortical plasticity, genetic and environmental risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Mapping, Corpus Striatum, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Limbic System, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Psychomotor Performance, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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