Cited by 791Motor Control and AdaptationTactile and Sensory InteractionsNeurological disorders and treatments

Functional organization of human supplementary motor cortex studied by electrical stimulation

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Fried, I, Katz, A, McCarthy, G, Sass, KJ, Williamson, P, Spencer, SS, Spencer, DD·1991·The Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

The presence of somatotopic organization in the human supplementary motor area (SMA) remains a controversial issue. In this study, subdural electrode grids were placed on the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres in 13 patients with intractable epilepsy undergoing evaluation for surgical treatment. Electrical stimulation mapping with currents below the threshold of afterdischarges showed somatotopic organization of supplementary motor cortex with the lower extremities represented posteriorly, head and face most anteriorly, and the upper extremities between these two regions. Electrical stimulation often elicited synergistic and complex movements involving more than one joint. In transitional areas between neighboring somatotopic representations, stimulation evoked combined movements involving the body parts represented in these adjacent regions. Anterior to the supplementary motor representation of the face, vocalization and speech arrest or slowing of speech were evoked. Various sensations were elicited by electrical stimulation of SMA. In some cases a preliminary sensation of “urge” to perform a movement or anticipation that a movement was about to occur were evoked. Most responses were contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere. Ipsilateral and bilateral responses were elicited almost exclusively from the right (nondominant) hemisphere. These data suggest the presence of combined somatotopic organization and left-right specialization in human supplementary motor cortex.

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Crossref · 10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03656.1991

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  1. Deecke L (1987) Beritschaftpotentials as an indicator of movement preparation in supplementary motor area and motor cortex. In: Motor areas of the cerebral cortex. Ciba Foundation Symposium 132, pp 23 l-250. Chicester: Wiley.

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Authors
Fried, I., Katz, A., McCarthy, G., Sass, K., Williamson, P., Spencer, S., & Spencer, D.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Venue
The Journal of Neuroscience
Published
1991-11-01
Volume
11
Issue
11
Pages
3656-3666
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
OpenAlex
W2132301123
Cited by
791
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 28
FWCI
4.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-06208, P50NS006208)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Keywords
supplementary motor area, somatotopic organization, electrical stimulation mapping, drug-resistant epilepsy, motor cortex, speech arrest, hemispheric lateralization, movement anticipation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Electric Stimulation, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Sensation, Speech

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