Associations Between Resting-State Functional Connectivity and a Hierarchical Dimensional Structure of Psychopathology in Middle Childhood
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Abstract
Background Previous research from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study delineated and validated a hierarchical 5-factor structure with a general psychopathology (p) factor at the apex and 5 specific factors (internalizing, somatoform, detachment, neurodevelopmental, externalizing) using parent-reported child symptoms. The present study is the first to examine associations between dimensions from a hierarchical structure and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) networks.Methods Using 9- to 11-year-old children from the ABCD Study baseline sample, we examined the variance explained by each hierarchical structure level (p-factor, 2-factor, 3-factor, 4-factor, and 5-factor models) in associations with RSFC. Analyses were first conducted in a discovery dataset (n = 3790), and significant associations were examined in a replication dataset (n = 3791).Results There were robust associations between the p-factor and lower connectivity within the default mode network, although stronger effects emerged for the neurodevelopmental factor. Neurodevelopmental impairments were also related to variation in RSFC networks associated with attention to internal states and external stimuli. Analyses revealed robust associations between the neurodevelopmental dimension and several RSFC metrics, including within the default mode network, between the default mode network with cingulo-opercular and "Other" (unassigned) networks, and between the dorsal attention network with the Other network.Conclusions The hierarchical structure of psychopathology showed replicable links to RSFC associations in middle childhood. The specific neurodevelopmental dimension showed robust associations with multiple RSFC metrics. These results show the utility of examining associations between intrinsic brain architecture and specific dimensions of psychopathology, revealing associations especially with neurodevelopmental impairments.
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Previous large scale studies and meta-analyses of neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neuropsychological impairments have highlighted areas of overlap, particularly between ADHD and ASD.
“Similarly, previous large scale studies and meta-analyses of neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neuropsychological impairments have highlighted areas of overlap, particularly between ADHD and ASD 53-56 .”
From Candidate diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
The Discussion (page not supplied) reports that a neurodevelopmental symptom dimension including inattention, hyperactivity and repetitive behavior is associated with resting-state connectivity and cognitive deficits. It does not establish overlap specifically between ADHD and ASD, or report the claimed overlap across neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neuropsychological impairments from large-scale studies and meta-analyses. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Karcher, N. R., Michelini, G., Kotov, R., & Barch, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Karcher, Nicole R.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 508-517
- ISSN
- 2451-9022 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8323469
- OpenAlex
- W3087280419
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- resting-state functional connectivity, general psychopathology factor, neurodevelopmental impairment, middle childhood, default mode network, cingulo-opercular network, dorsal attention network, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, somatoform symptoms, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychopathology
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