The RDoC framework: facilitating transition from ICD/DSM to dimensional approaches that integrate neuroscience and psychopathology: Forum - The Research Domain Criteria Project
Open accessAbstract
In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) included in its new Strategic Plan the following aim: "Develop, for research purposes, new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures". The implementation of this aim was named the Research Domain Criteria project, or RDoC. RDoC is a programmatic initiative that will fund grants, contracts, early-phase trials, and similar activities for the purpose of generating studies to build a research literature that can inform future versions of psychiatric nosologies based upon neuroscience and behavioral science rather than descriptive phenomenology. RDoC departs markedly from the DSM and ICD processes, in which extensive workgroup meetings generate final and finely-honed sets of diagnoses that are modified in field tests only if problems with clinical utility arise. Rather, in keeping with its provenance as an experimental system, the RDoC provides a framework for conducting research in terms of fundamental circuit-based behavioral dimensions that cut across traditional diagnostic categories. While an important aim of the project is to validate particular dimensions as useful for eventual clinical work, an equally important goal is to provide information and experience about how to conceive and implement such an alternative approach to future diagnostic practices that can harness genetics and neuroscience in the service of more effective treatment and prevention. This paper summarizes the rationale for the RDoC project, its essential features, and potential methods of transitioning from DSM/ICD categories to dimensionally-oriented designs in research studies.
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Transdiagnostic approaches have been endorsed by paradigms that propose dimensional approaches that cut across diagnostic criteria such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the clinical staging model of psychiatry.
“Transdiagnostic approaches have subsequently been endorsed by paradigms that propose dimensional approaches that cut across diagnostic criteria such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the clinical staging model of psychiatry (Scott et al., 2013; Cuthbert, 2014).”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Cuthbert, 2014
The RDoC plan considers psychopathology in terms of maladaptive extremes along a continuum of normal functioning, to promote a translational emphasis.
“The RDoC plan considers psychopathology in terms of maladaptive extremes along a continuum of normal functioning, to promote a translational emphasis (Cuthbert, 2014).”
From Social functioning in major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as Cuthbert, 2014
The present results and previous research comport with the idea that these traditional diagnostic categories are not neurobiologically separable, which contributes to their poor prediction of treatment response or prognosis.
“The present results and previous research comport with the idea that these traditional diagnostic categories are not neurobiologically separable, which contributes to their poor prediction of treatment response or prognosis (Cuthbert, 2014).”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Cuthbert, 2014
The RDoC initiative has prompted few methods to study heterogeneity within clinical cohorts or to meaningfully stratify clinical cohorts.
“However, to date, Research Domain Criteria have prompted few methods to meaningfully stratify clinical cohorts.”
From Understanding heterogeneity in clinical cohorts using normative models: Beyond case-control studies (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
During development, risk factors may contribute to a range of psychopathologies.
“during development risk factors may contribute to a range of psychopathologies”
From Prevention and early intervention in youth mental health: is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care? (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
Early indicators of later risk are often dimensional.
“early indicators of later risk are often dimensional [27]”
From Prevention and early intervention in youth mental health: is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care? (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
Continuous symptom spectra may overlap across defined psychopathologies and may better align with neurobiological systems.
“Alternately, as proposed in the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) (Cuthbert, 2014) continuous symptom spectra, which may overlap across defined psychopathologies, may better align with neurobiological systems.”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Cuthbert, 2014
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Fear and distress disorders as predictors of heart disease: a temporal perspective
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“Transdiagnostic approaches have subsequently been endorsed by paradigms that propose dimensional approaches that cut across diagnostic criteria such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the clinical staging model of psychiatry (Scott et al., 2013; Cuthbert, 2014).”
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Clinical advances from a computational approach to anxiety
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“The task and corresponding Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) construct and domain were labeled for each included fMRI study (Cuthbert, 2014; Janiri et al., 2020; Pan et al., 2022) (approach to coding task experiments in Online Supplementary Appendix 2).”
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- Authors
- Cuthbert, B. N.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cuthbert, Bruce N.
- ORCID
- Cuthbert, Bruce N.
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 28-35
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3918011
- OpenAlex
- W1590571936
- Cited by
- 1,377
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 134 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 110 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 799.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- Research Domain Criteria, dimensional classification, psychiatric classification, DSM, ICD, psychiatric diagnosis
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