Generation and evaluation of a cortical area parcellation from resting-state correlations
Open accessAbstract
The cortical surface is organized into a large number of cortical areas; however, these areas have not been comprehensively mapped in the human. Abrupt transitions in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns can noninvasively identify locations of putative borders between cortical areas (RSFC-boundary mapping; Cohen et al. 2008). Here we describe a technique for using RSFC-boundary maps to define parcels that represent putative cortical areas. These parcels had highly homogenous RSFC patterns, indicating that they contained one unique RSFC signal; furthermore, the parcels were much more homogenous than a null model matched for parcel size when tested in two separate datasets. Several alternative parcellation schemes were tested this way, and no other parcellation was as homogenous as or had as large a difference compared with its null model. The boundary map-derived parcellation contained parcels that overlapped with architectonic mapping of areas 17, 2, 3, and 4. These parcels had a network structure similar to the known network structure of the brain, and their connectivity patterns were reliable across individual subjects. These observations suggest that RSFC-boundary map-derived parcels provide information about the location and extent of human cortical areas. A parcellation generated using this method is available at http://www.nil.wustl.edu/labs/petersen/Resources.html.
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Resting-state networks are highly reproducible in the adult brain.
“RSNs have proven to be highly reproducible in the adult brain (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011)”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Gordon et al., 2016
Adult task-positive cognition involves three large distributed modules: dorsal attention, cingulo-opercular salience, and frontoparietal executive.
“3) three large, distributed modules for task-positive cognition: a) dorsal attention, involved in eye movements and attentional orienting, b) the cingulo-opercular salience module, involved primarily in attentional maintenance, and c) the frontoparietal executive module, important for task-switching.”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Gordon et al., 2016
Adult brains show several coarse modules that remain highly consistent across studies despite small methodological variations.
“The adult brain has several modules at the coarsest level that are remarkably reproducible despite slight methodological differences across studies (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Gordon et al., 2016
Adult modular organization includes separate sensory/motor systems and the default-mode network.
“These modules include 1) segregated, non-distributed modules for sensory/motor activity, such as in early visual cortex and in somatomotor cortex, 2) the default-mode network (DMN), comprising the medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate/precuneus, angular gyrus, and medial temporal cortex”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Gordon et al., 2016
There is currently no consensus regarding an optimal set of criteria for defining an areal parcellation.
“There is currently no consensus regarding an optimal set of criteria for defining an areal parcellation (Craddock et al., 2013; Glasser et al., 2016a; Gordon et al., 2016)”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Gordon et al., 2016
Sensitivity analyses using the Gordon atlas and grayordinate-wise analyses were highly convergent with the main results.
“Sensitivity analyses using the atlas defined by Gordon et al. (32) (SI Appendix, Fig. S6) and grayordinate-wise analyses (SI Appendix, Fig. S7) were highly convergent with these results.”
From Task-based fMRI predicts response and remission to exposure therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
A sensitivity check with an alternative cortical atlas showed that the results did not depend on the atlas originally chosen.
“A sensitivity analysis (SI Appendix) used a different cortical atlas parcellation (32) to confirm that findings were not specific to the chosen atlas.”
From Task-based fMRI predicts response and remission to exposure therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
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A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex
Glasser, M. F., Coalson, T. S., Robinson, E. C., Hacker, C. D., Harwell, J., Yacoub, E., Ugurbil, K., Andersson, J., Beckmann, C. F., Jenkinson, M., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18933 · Cited by 5,111 · see citing works
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Self-citationPrecision Functional Mapping of Individual Human Brains
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Self-citationThe Human Connectome Project's neuroimaging approach
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Functional system and areal organization of a highly sampled individual human brain
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Disruptions of network connectivity predict impairment in multiple behavioral domains after stroke
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On the stability of BOLD fMRI correlations
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Self-citationParcellating cortical functional networks in individuals
Wang, D., Buckner, R. L., Fox, M. D., Holt, D. J., Holmes, A. J., Stoecklein, S., Langs, G., Pan, R., Qian, T., Li, K., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4164 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
The Heterogeneity Problem: Approaches to Identify Psychiatric Subtypes
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Imaging-based parcellations of the human brain
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“Functional network analyses that strongly relate to known network organization may therefore find signal homogeneity within parcels to be a useful optimization criterion for choosing a parcellation (e.g. see Gordon et al. (2016) and Glasser et al. (2016a)).”
BackgroundInfluentialHuman brain mapping: A systematic comparison of parcellation methods for the human cerebral cortex
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Individual variability of the system-level Organization of the Human Brain
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Self-citationStructural disconnections explain brain network dysfunction after stroke
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- Authors
- Gordon, E. M., Laumann, T. O., Adeyemo, B., Huckins, J. F., Kelley, W. M., & Petersen, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gordon, Evan M.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-10-14
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 288-303
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC4677978
- OpenAlex
- W2107499714
- Cited by
- 1,463
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 107 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 185 · 2023: 151 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 165 · 2020: 141 · 2019: 110 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 28 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 30.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation (95177)
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5u54mh091657-05, MH091657)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA021347, R01AA021347)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21HL114092, HL114092)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F30MH100872, MH091657, MH100872, R01MH059282, MH059282)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA022582, DA022582)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS061144, R21NS061144)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD087011)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cortical parcellation, resting-state functional connectivity, human cortex, brain network structure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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