Human FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity and Function in Autoimmunity and Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 have a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. Recent advances in single cell analyses have revealed a range of Treg cell activation and differentiation states in different human pathologies. Here we review recent progress in the understanding of human Treg cell heterogeneity and function. We discuss these findings within the context of concepts in Treg cell development and function derived from preclinical models and insight from approaches targeting Treg cells in clinical settings. Distinguishing functional Treg cells from other T cells and understanding the context-dependent function(s) of different Treg subsets will be crucial to the development of strategies toward the selective therapeutic manipulation of Treg cells in autoimmunity and cancer.
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Tregs exert immunosuppressive effects through multiple mechanisms, including cytokine secretion, metabolic disruption of effector T cells, and modulation of antigen-presenting cells.
“These cells exert immunosuppressive effects through multiple mechanisms, including cytokine secretion, metabolic disruption of effector T cells, and modulation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (Bilate and Lafaille 2012; Josefowicz et al. 2012; Wing et al. 2019).”
From The double-edged sword of regulatory T cells in MASLD: from inflammation control to fibrosis promotion (2026) · cites this paper as Wing et al. 2019
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- Authors
- Wing, J. B., Tanaka, A., & Sakaguchi, S.
- Affiliations
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Sakaguchi, Shimon
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 302-316
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2917646500
- Cited by
- 726
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 33
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16H06295, 18K07175)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- regulatory T cells, Foxp3, Treg differentiation, autoimmunity, tumor immunology, immune homeostasis, Treg therapy, single-cell analysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Neoplasms, Autoimmunity, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Genetic Heterogeneity, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Forkhead Transcription Factors
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