Absence of microglia promotes diverse pathologies and early lethality in Alzheimer’s disease mice
Open accessAbstract
Microglia are strongly implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their impact on pathology and lifespan remains unclear. Here we utilize a CSF1R hypomorphic mouse to generate a model of AD that genetically lacks microglia. The resulting microglial-deficient mice exhibit a profound shift from parenchymal amyloid plaques to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is accompanied by numerous transcriptional changes, greatly increased brain calcification and hemorrhages, and premature lethality. Remarkably, a single injection of wild-type microglia into adult mice repopulates the microglial niche and prevents each of these pathological changes. Taken together, these results indicate the protective functions of microglia in reducing CAA, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and brain calcification. To further understand the clinical implications of these findings, human AD tissue and iPSC-microglia were examined, providing evidence that microglia phagocytose calcium crystals, and this process is impaired by loss of the AD risk gene, TREM2.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Microglial replacement or reprogramming may represent a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease.
“Several studies have demonstrated that microglial replacement or reprogramming may represent a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease.”
From Older adult APOE4 mice exhibit modest immunometabolic adaptation following microglial APOE2 replacement (2027) · cites this paper as Kiani Shabestari et al., 2022
The Results (page unavailable) show that transplanted microglia engrafted in Alzheimer’s disease mice and reversed several disease-associated pathologies, supporting the potential of microglial replacement in that model. The paper does not establish reprogramming as a therapeutic strategy or test replacement across neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases more broadly. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredComparison of spatial gene modules with cluster marker genes from a whole-mouse-brain snRNA-seq dataset found significant correspondences, such as the striatum module SM7 and medium spiny neurons (Fisher's exact test FDR <0.05).
“We compared these gene modules with cluster marker genes from a whole-mouse-brain snRNA-seq dataset28 and found significant correspondences, such as the striatum module SM7 and medium spiny neurons (Fisher’s exact test false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05; Figure S7D).”
From hdWGCNA identifies co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
In another study, the authors showed that scWGCNA was suitable for network analysis using scRNA-seq alone.
“and in another study we showed that scWGCNA was suitable for network analysis using scRNA-seq alone.28”
From hdWGCNA identifies co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pericyte loss influences Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in mice
Sagare, A. P., Bell, R. D., Zhao, Z., Ma, Q., Winkler, E. A., Ramanathan, A., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3932 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
RetractedSTAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner
Dobin, A., Davis, C. A., Schlesinger, F., Drenkow, J., Zaleski, C., Jha, S., Batut, P., Chaisson, M., & Gingeras, T. R. (2013) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635 · Cited by 51,709 · see citing works
WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis
Langfelder, P., & Horvath, S. (2008) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-559 · Cited by 27,252 · see citing works
Comprehensive Integration of Single-Cell Data
Stuart, T., Butler, A., Hoffman, P., Hafemeister, C., Papalexi, E., Mauck, W. M., Hao, Y., Stoeckius, M., Smibert, P., & Satija, R. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.031 · Cited by 15,453 · see citing works
Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species
Butler, A., Hoffman, P., Smibert, P., Papalexi, E., & Satija, R. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4096 · Cited by 13,174 · see citing works
Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update
Kuleshov, M. V., Jones, M. R., Rouillard, A. D., Fernandez, N. F., Duan, Q., Wang, Z., Koplev, S., Jenkins, S. L., Jagodnik, K. M., Lachmann, A., et al. (2016) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkw377 · Cited by 10,799 · see citing works
Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony
Korsunsky, I., Millard, N., Fan, J., Slowikowski, K., Zhang, F., Wei, K., Baglaenko, Y., Brenner, M., Loh, P.-R., & Raychaudhuri, S. (2019) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0619-0 · Cited by 10,488 · see citing works
Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional genomic data
Gu, Z., Eils, R., & Schlesner, M. (2016) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw313 · Cited by 10,122 · see citing works
UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection
McInnes, L., Healy, J., Saul, N., & Großberger, L. (2018) · Journal of Open Source Software · doi:10.21105/joss.00861 · Cited by 9,826 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A two-dimensional representation of gene-expression space was constructed using the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (McInnes et al., 2018) (UMAP) algorithm with the SCANPY function sc.tl.umap, using the PAGA graph for initialization.”
SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis
Wolf, F. A., Angerer, P., & Theis, F. J. (2018) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1382-0 · Cited by 8,881 · see citing works
Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat
Jin, S., Guerrero-Juarez, C. F., Zhang, L., Chang, I., Ramos, R., Kuan, C.-H., Myung, P., Plikus, M. V., & Nie, Q. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21246-9 · Cited by 8,409 · see citing works
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971 · see citing works
Enrichr: interactive and collaborative HTML5 gene list enrichment analysis tool
Chen, E. Y., Tan, C. M., Kou, Y., Duan, Q., Wang, Z., Meirelles, G. V., Clark, N. R., & Ma’ayan, A. (2013) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-14-128 · Cited by 7,814 · see citing works
From Louvain to Leiden: guaranteeing well-connected communities
Traag, V. A., Waltman, L., & van Eck, N. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41695-z · Cited by 5,635 · see citing works
A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Sloan, S. A., Bennett, M. L., Scholze, A. R., O'Keeffe, S., Phatnani, H. P., Guarnieri, P., Caneda, C., Ruderisch, N., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1860-14.2014 · Cited by 4,875 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, prior studies have shown that microglia express the highest mRNA levels of these two growth factors within both mouse and human brains (Zhang et al., 2014, 2016).”
McGinnis, C. S., Murrow, L. M., & Gartner, Z. J. (2019) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2019.03.003 · Cited by 4,521 · see citing works
Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner
Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089 · see citing works
Oakley, H., Cole, S. L., Logan, S., Maus, E., Shao, P., Craft, J., Guillozet-Bongaarts, A., Ohno, M., Disterhoft, J., Van Eldik, L., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1202-06.2006 · Cited by 3,530 · cited 3× · see citing works
“At 2 months of age, 5x-WT mice are just beginning to develop parenchymal plaque pathology (Oakley et al., 2006).”
The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
DeTure, M. A., & Dickson, D. W. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5 · Cited by 3,329 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Dense core plaques are predominately composed of fibrillar A β aggregates and readily detected with ThioS or Amylo-Glo (D’Andrea et al., 2004; DeTure and Dickson, 2019).”
Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), Kunkle, B. W., The European Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (EADI), Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (CHARGE), Genetic and Environmental Risk in AD/Defining Genetic, P. A. E. R. F. A. D. C. (., Grenier-Boley, B., Sims, R., Bis, J. C., Damotte, V., Naj, A. C., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2 · Cited by 2,946 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Sloan, S. A., Clarke, L. E., Caneda, C., Plaza, C. A., Blumenthal, P. D., Vogel, H., Steinberg, G. K., Edwards, M. S. B., Li, G., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.013 · Cited by 2,295 · see citing works
Jansen, I. E., Savage, J. E., Watanabe, K., Bryois, J., Williams, D. M., Steinberg, S., Sealock, J., Karlsson, I. K., Hägg, S., Athanasiu, L., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0311-9 · Cited by 2,277 · see citing works
Pericyte Loss and Microaneurysm Formation in PDGF-B-Deficient Mice
Lindahl, P., Johansson, B. R., Levéen, P., & Betsholtz, C. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5323.242 · Cited by 2,226 · see citing works
Elmore, M. R. P., Najafi, A. R., Koike, M. A., Dagher, N. N., Spangenberg, E. E., Rice, R. A., Kitazawa, M., Matusow, B., Nguyen, H., West, B. L., et al. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.040 · Cited by 1,968 · see citing works
Wolf, F. A., Hamey, F. K., Plass, M., Solana, J., Dahlin, J. S., Göttgens, B., Rajewsky, N., Simon, L., & Theis, F. J. (2019) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-019-1663-x · Cited by 1,698 · see citing works
Single-cell profiling of the developing mouse brain and spinal cord with split-pool barcoding
Rosenberg, A. B., Roco, C. M., Muscat, R. A., Kuchina, A., Sample, P., Yao, Z., Graybuck, L. T., Peeler, D. J., Mukherjee, S., Chen, W., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam8999 · Cited by 1,422 · see citing works
Dai, X.-M., Ryan, G. R., Hapel, A. J., Dominguez, M. G., Russell, R. G., Kapp, S., Sylvestre, V., & Stanley, E. R. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v99.1.111 · Cited by 1,184 · see citing works
Spangenberg, E., Severson, P. L., Hohsfield, L. A., Crapser, J., Zhang, J., Burton, E. A., Zhang, Y., Spevak, W., Lin, J., Phan, N. Y., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11674-z · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Neurovascular mechanisms and blood–brain barrier disorder in Alzheimer’s disease
Bell, R. D., & Zloković, B. V. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0522-3 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Yuan, P., Condello, C., Keene, C. D., Wang, Y., Bird, T. D., Paul, S. M., Luo, W., Colonna, M., Baddeley, D., & Grutzendler, J. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.003 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Spangenberg, E. E., Lee, R. J., Najafi, A. R., Rice, R. A., Elmore, M. R. P., Blurton-Jones, M., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww016 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Self-citationSingle-nucleus chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic characterization of Alzheimer’s disease
Morabito, S., Miyoshi, E., Michael, N., Shahin, S., Martini, A. C., Head, E., Silva, J., Leavy, K., Perez-Rosendahl, M., & Swarup, V. (2021) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00894-z · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Self-citationBruttger, J., Karram, K., Wörtge, S., Regen, T., Marini, F., Hoppmann, N., Klein, M., Blank, T., Yona, S., Wolf, Y., et al. (2015) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.012 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChatPreprint
Jin, S., Guerrero‐Juarez, C. F., Zhang, L., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.21.214387 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Late onset Alzheimer’s disease genetics implicates microglial pathways in disease risk
Efthymiou, A. G., & Goate, A. M. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0184-x · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Loss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE
Parhizkar, S., Arzberger, T., Brendel, M., Kleinberger, G., Deussing, M., Focke, C., Nuscher, B., Xiong, M., Ghasemigharagoz, A., Katzmarski, N., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0296-9 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Olmos-Alonso, A., Schetters, S. T. T., Sri, S., Askew, K., Mancuso, R., Vargas-Caballero, M., Holscher, C., Perry, V. H., & Gomez-Nicola, D. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv379 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Schwartzentruber, J., Cooper, S., Liu, J. Z., Barrio-Hernandez, I., Bello, E., Kumasaka, N., Young, A. M. H., Franklin, R. J. M., Johnson, T., Estrada, K., et al. (2021) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-020-00776-w · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Leyns, C. E. G., Ulrich, J. D., Finn, M. B., Stewart, F. R., Koscal, L. J., Remolina Serrano, J., Robinson, G. O., Anderson, E., Colonna, M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1710311114 · Cited by 517 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Recent studies have carefully examined the impact of AD-associated microglial risk genes on A β plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathologies (Lee et al., 2021; Leyns et al., 2017; Parhizkar et al., 2019, 2019, 2019).”
Dagher, N. N., Najafi, A. R., Kayala, K. M. N., Elmore, M. R. P., White, T. E., Medeiros, R., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0366-9 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Microglia use TAM receptors to detect and engulf amyloid β plaques
Huang, Y., Happonen, K. E., Burrola, P. G., O’Connor, C., Hah, N., Huang, L., Nimmerjahn, A., & Lemke, G. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00913-5 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Disease Progression-Dependent Effects of TREM2 Deficiency in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Jay, T. R., Hirsch, A. M., Broihier, M. L., Miller, C. M., Neilson, L. E., Ransohoff, R. M., Lamb, B. T., & Landreth, G. E. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2110-16.2016 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
McQuade, A., Coburn, M., Tu, C. H., Hasselmann, J., Davtyan, H., & Blurton-Jones, M. (2018) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-018-0297-x · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia drive APOE-dependent neurodegeneration in a tauopathy mouse model
Shi, Y., Manis, M., Long, J., Wang, K., Sullivan, P. M., Remolina Serrano, J., Hoyle, R., & Holtzman, D. M. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20190980 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Sadick, J. S., O’Dea, M. R., Hasel, P., Dykstra, T., Faustin, A., & Liddelow, S. A. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.008 · Cited by 415 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Astrocytes can also respond to amyloid plaques and microglial-astrocytic crosstalk plays an important role in AD pathogenesis (Liddelow et al., 2017; Sadick et al., 2022).”
Marsh, S. E., Abud, E. M., Lakatos, A., Karimzadeh, A., Yeung, S. T., Davtyan, H., Fote, G. M., Lau, L., Weinger, J. G., Lane, T. E., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1525466113 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citationSosna, J., Philipp, S., Albay, R., Reyes-Ruiz, J. M., Baglietto-Vargas, D., LaFerla, F. M., & Glabe, C. G. (2018) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-018-0244-x · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology and cognitive domains in older persons
Arvanitakis, Z., Leurgans, S. E., Wang, Z., Wilson, R. S., Bennett, D. A., & Schneider, J. A. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22112 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Rojo, R., Raper, A., Ozdemir, D. D., Lefèvre, L., Grabert, K., Wollscheid-Lengeling, E., Bradford, B. M., Caruso, M., Gažová, I., Sánchez, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11053-8 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationMcQuade, A., Kang, Y. J., Hasselmann, J., Jairaman, A., Sotelo, A., Coburn, M., Shabestari, S. K., Chadarevian, J. P., Fote, G., Tu, C. H., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19227-5 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Self-citationLoss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE
Parhizkar, S., Arzberger, T., Brendel, M., Kleinberger, G., Deußing, M., Focke, C., Nuscher, B., Xiong, M., Ghasemigharagoz, A., Katzmarski, N., et al. (2019) · doi:10.7892/boris.125653 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Single-Nucleus RNA-Seq Is Not Suitable for Detection of Microglial Activation Genes in Humans
Thrupp, N., Sala Frigerio, C., Wolfs, L., Skene, N. G., Fattorelli, N., Poovathingal, S., Fourne, Y., Matthews, P. M., Theys, T., Mancuso, R., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108189 · Cited by 329 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…brain cells likely provides diminished sensitivity in comparison with the previously used CD45 + immune cell enrichment approach, and (2) a recent report demonstrates that microglia genes are underrepresented in single-nuclei sequencing versus whole-cell sequencing methods (Thrupp et al., 2020).”
Lei, F., Cui, N., Zhou, C., Chodosh, J., Vavvas, D. G., & Paschalis, E. I. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1922788117 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Jäkel, L., de Kort, A. M., Klijn, C. J. M., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., & Verbeek, M. M. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12366 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Trem2 restrains the enhancement of tau accumulation and neurodegeneration by β-amyloid pathology
Lee, S.-H., Meilandt, W. J., Xie, L., Gandham, V. D., Ngu, H., Barck, K. H., Rezzonico, M. G., Imperio, J., Lalehzadeh, G., Huntley, M. A., et al. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.010 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Luo, J., Elwood, F., Britschgi, M., Villeda, S., Zhang, H., Ding, Z., Zhu, L., Alabsi, H., Getachew, R., Narasimhan, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20120412 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Lund, H., Pieber, M., Parsa, R., Han, J., Grommisch, D., Ewing, E., Kular, L., Needhamsen, M., Espinosa, A., Nilsson, E., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07295-7 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring How Genetics and Phenotype Influence Risk
McQuade, A., & Blurton-Jones, M. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.045 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction
Tai, L. M., Thomas, R., Marottoli, F. M., Koster, K. P., Kanekiyo, T., Morris, A. W. J., & Bu, G. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1547-z · Cited by 231 · see citing works
The microglial phagocytic role with specific plaque types in the Alzheimer disease brain
D’Andrea, M. R., Cole, G. M., & Ard, M. D. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.12.026 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The Cerebral β-Amyloid Angiopathies: Hereditary and Sporadic
Zhang-Nunes, S., Maat–Schieman, M. L. C., van Duinen, S. G., Roos, R. A. C., Frosch, M. P., & Greenberg, S. M. (2006) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.tb00559.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Da Mesquita, S., Herz, J., Wall, M., Dykstra, T., de Lima, K. A., Norris, G. T., Dabhi, N., Kennedy, T., Baker, W., & Kipnis, J. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe4601 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Roelofs, A. J., Coxon, F. P., Ebetino, F. H., Lundy, M. W., Henneman, Z. J., Nancollas, G. H., Sun, S., Błażewska, K. M., Bala, J. L. F., Kashemirov, B. A., et al. (2009) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.091009 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Regulation of Embryonic and Postnatal Development by the CSF-1 Receptor
Chiţu, V., & Stanley, E. R. (2016) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.10.004 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Microglia-driven regulation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, myelination, and remyelination
Miron, V. E. (2017) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3ri1116-494r · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Pridans, C., Raper, A., Davis, G. M., Alves, J., Sauter, K. A. D., Lefèvre, L., Regan, T. W., Meek, S. E., Sutherland, L., Thomson, A. J., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701783 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, L., Bertola, D. R., Takanohashi, A., Saito, A., Segawa, Y., Yokota, T., Ishibashi, S., Nishida, Y., Yamamoto, G. L., Franco, J. F. D. S., et al. (2019) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.004 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Phenotypic impacts of CSF1R deficiencies in humans and model organisms
Hume, D. A., Caruso, M., Ferrari-Cestari, M., SUMMERS, K. M., Pridans, C., & Irvine, K. M. (2019) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.mr0519-143r · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationGrabert, K., Sehgal, A., Irvine, K. M., Wollscheid-Lengeling, E., Ozdemir, D. D., Stables, J., Luke, G. A., Ryan, M. D., Adamson, A., Humphreys, N. E., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2000835 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationUnger, M. S., Schernthaner, P., Marschallinger, J., Mrowetz, H., & Aigner, L. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1304-4 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Arnold, T. D., Niaudet, C., Pang, M.-F., Siegenthaler, J. A., Gaengel, K., Jung, B., Ferrero, G. M., Mukouyama, Y., Fuxe, J., Akhurst, R. J., et al. (2014) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.107193 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Primary Familial Brain Calcification With Known Gene Mutations
Tadić, V., Westenberger, A., Domingo, A., Alvarez‐Fischer, D., Klein, C., & Kasten, M. (2015) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3889 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Partial reduction of microglia does not affect tau pathology in aged mice
Bennett, R. E., Bryant, A., Hu, M., Robbins, A. B., Hopp, S. C., & Hyman, B. T. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1348-5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
CNS macrophages differentially rely on an intronic Csf1r enhancer for their development
Munro, D. A. D., Bradford, B. M., Mariani, S. A., Hampton, D. W., Vink, C. S., Chandran, S., Hume, D. A., Pridans, C., & Priller, J. (2020) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.194449 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationTGF-β Signaling: A Therapeutic Target to Reinstate Regenerative Plasticity in Vascular Dementia?
Kandasamy, M., Anusuyadevi, M., Aigner, K. M., Unger, M. S., Kniewallner, K. M., Sousa, D. M. B. D., Altendorfer, B., Mrowetz, H., Bogdahn, U., & Aigner, L. (2020) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2020.0222 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Microglia depletion increase brain injury after acute ischemic stroke in aged mice
Lee, S. M., Hudobenko, J., McCullough, L. D., & Chauhan, A. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113530 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Integrative genomics approach identifies conserved transcriptomic networks in Alzheimer’s disease
Morabito, S., Miyoshi, E., Michael, N., & Swarup, V. (2020) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa182 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Jäkel, L., Nostrand, W. E. V., Nicoll, J. A. R., Werring, D. J., & Verbeek, M. M. (2017) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20170033 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Patkar, O. L., Caruso, M., Teakle, N., Keshvari, S., Bush, S. J., Pridans, C., Belmer, A., SUMMERS, K. M., Irvine, K. M., & Hume, D. A. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105268 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationHohsfield, L. A., Najafi, A. R., Ghorbanian, Y., Soni, N., Crapser, J. D., Velez, D. X. F., Jiang, S., Royer, S. E., Kim, S. J., Henningfield, C. M., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.66738 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Microglia control small vessel calcification via TREM2
Zarb, Y., Sridhar, S., Nassiri, S., Utz, S. G., Schaffenrath, J., Maheshwari, U., Rushing, E. J., Nilsson, K. P. R., Delorenzi, M., Colonna, M., et al. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc4898 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pons, V., Lévesque, P., Plante, M.-M., & Rivest, S. (2021) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00747-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sellal, F., Wallon, D., Martinez-Almoyna, L., Marelli, C., Dhar, A., Oesterlé, H., Rovelet-Lecrux, A., Rousseau, S., Kourkoulis, C. E., Rosand, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160709 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical examination on intracranial calcification in neurodegenerative diseases
Fujita, D., Terada, S., Ishizu, H., Yokota, O., Nakashima, H., Ishihara, T., & Kuroda, S. (2003) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-002-0640-7 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Han, J., Fan, Y., Zhou, K., Zhu, K., Blomgren, K., Lund, H., Zhang, X., & Harris, R. A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228603 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Cerebral β-Amyloid Angiopathy Is Associated with Earlier Dementia Onset in Alzheimer's Disease
Vidoni, E. D., Yeh, H.-W., Morris, J. K., Newell, K. L., Alqahtani, A., Burns, N. C., Burns, J. M., & Billinger, S. A. (2016) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000441919 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pons, V., Laflamme, N., Préfontaine, P., & Rivest, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00047 · Cited by 27 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, surviving microglia quickly proliferate to repopulate the microglial niche so that the long-term consequences of microglia absence with such models cannot be effectively studied (Bruttger et al., 2015; Han et al., 2020; Lund et al., 2018; Pons et al., 2020, 2021).”
Brain Calcifications in Adult-Onset Genetic Leukoencephalopathies
Ayrignac, X., Nicolas, G., Dalliere, C. C., Hannequin, D., & Labauge, P. M. (2017) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1062 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Buckwalter, M. S., Pepper, J., Gaertner, R., Euw, D. V., Lacombe, P. M., & Wyss‐Coray, T. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04801.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microglia states and nomenclature: A field at its crossroads
Paolicelli, R. C., Sierra, A., Stevens, B., Tremblay, M.-E., Aguzzi, A., Ajami, B., Amit, I., Audinat, E., Bechmann, I., Bennett, M., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.020 · Cited by 1,973 · see citing works
Self-citationhdWGCNA identifies co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data
Morabito, S., Reese, F., Rahimzadeh, N., Miyoshi, E., & Swarup, V. (2023) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100498 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer disease
Self, W. K., & Holtzman, D. M. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02505-2 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Advancing cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases
Temple, S. (2023) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.017 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
TREM2 dependent and independent functions of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease
Hou, J., Chen, Y., Grajales-Reyes, G., & Colonna, M. (2022) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-022-00588-y · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Microglia regulation of central nervous system myelin health and regeneration
Kent, S. A., & Miron, V. E. (2024) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-023-00907-4 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Baligács, N., Albertini, G., Borrie, S. C., Serneels, L., Pridans, C., Balusu, S., & De Strooper, B. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54779-w · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia maintain structural integrity during fetal brain morphogenesis
Lawrence, A. R., Canzi, A., Bridlance, C., Olivié, N., Lansonneur, C., Catale, C., Pizzamiglio, L., Kloeckner, B., Silvin, A., Munro, D. A. D., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.012 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia-Astrocyte Communication in Alzheimer’s Disease
Wu, Y., & Eisel, U. L. M. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230199 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kaji, S., Berghoff, S. A., Spieth, L., Schlaphoff, L., Sasmita, A. O., Vitale, S., Büschgens, L., Kedia, S., Zirngibl, M., Nazarenko, T., et al. (2024) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.014 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Microglia heterogeneity, modeling and cell-state annotation in development and neurodegeneration
Fumagalli, L., Nazlie Mohebiany, A., Premereur, J., Polanco Miquel, P., Bijnens, B., Van de Walle, P., Fattorelli, N., & Mancuso, R. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01931-4 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Chadarevian, J. P., Hasselmann, J., Lahian, A., Capocchi, J. K., Escobar, A., Lim, T. E., Le, L., Tu, C., Nguyen, J., Kiani Shabestari, S., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.023 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationBrioschi, S., Belk, J. A., Peng, V., Molgora, M., Rodrigues, P. F., Nguyen, K. M., Wang, S., Du, S., Wang, W.-L., Grajales‐Reyes, G. E., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.028 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Microglia protect against age-associated brain pathologies
Munro, D. A. D., Bestard-Cuche, N., McQuaid, C., Chagnot, A., Shabestari, S. K., Chadarevian, J. P., Maheshwari, U., Szymkowiak, S., Morris, K., Mohammad, M., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.018 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia transcriptional states and their functional significance: Context drives diversity
Depp, C., Doman, J. L., Hingerl, M., Xia, J., & Stevens, B. (2025) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.04.009 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Fruhwürth, S., Zetterberg, H., & Paludan, S. R. (2024) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578342 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Human microglia maturation is underpinned by specific gene regulatory networks
Han, C. Z., Li, R. Z., Hansen, E. A., Trescott, S., Fixsen, B. R., Nguyen, C. T., Mora, C., Spann, N. J., Bennett, H. R., Poirion, O., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.016 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationChandra, S., Di Meco, A., Dodiya, H. B., Popovic, J., Cuddy, L. K., Weigle, I. Q., Zhang, X., Sadleir, K., Sisodia, S. S., & Vassar, R. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00635-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Neuritic Plaques — Gateways to Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease
Tsering, W., & Prokop, S. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03736-7 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The role of glial autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease
Litwiniuk, A., Juszczak, G. R., Stankiewicz, A. M., & Urbańska, K. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02242-5 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Microglial activation as a hallmark of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Ebrahimi, R., Nejad, S. S., Tafti, M. F., Karimi, Z., Sadr, S. R., Hussein, D. R., Talebian, N., & Esmaeilpour, K. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01631-9 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Modeling the neuroimmune system in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Balestri, W., Sharma, R., da Silva, V. A., Bobotis, B. C., Curle, A. J., Kothakota, V., Kalantarnia, F., Hangad, M. V., Hoorfar, M., Jones, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03024-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Microglia in Health and Diseases: Integrative Hubs of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
Sierra, A., Miron, V. E., Paolicelli, R. C., & Ransohoff, R. M. (2024) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041366 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The molecular determinants of microglial developmental dynamics
Barry-Carroll, L., & Gómez‐Nicola, D. (2024) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00813-1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Xiong, M., Wang, C., Gratuze, M., Saadi, F., Bao, X., Bosch, M. E., Lee, C., Jiang, H., Serrano, J. R., Gonzales, E. R., et al. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00610-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Claeys, W., Verhaege, D., Imschoot, G. V., Wonterghem, E. V., Acker, L. V., Amelinck, L., Ponti, F. F. D., Scott, C. L., Geerts, A. M., Steenkiste, C. V., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283711 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The role of neuroinflammation in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
van den Brink, H., Voigt, S., Kozberg, M., & van Etten, E. S. (2024) · eBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105466 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tools for studying human microglia: In vitro and in vivo strategies
Warden, A. S., Han, C. Z., Hansen, E. A., Trescott, S., Nguyen, C. T., Kim, R. Y., Schafer, D. M., Johnson, A., Wright, M., Ramírez, G., et al. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.008 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lee, J., Lee, H., Lee, H. G., Shin, M., Shin, M.-G., Seo, J., Lee, E. J., Park, S. A., & Park, S. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44319-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
High sensitivity single cell RNA sequencing with split pool barcodingPreprint
Tran, V., Papalexi, E., Schroeder, S., Kim, G. S., Sapre, A. A., Pangallo, J., Sova, A., Matulich, P., Kenyon, L., Sayar, Z., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.27.505512 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
He, S., Li, X., Mittra, N., Bhattacharjee, A., Wang, H., Song, S., Zhao, S., Liu, F., & Han, X. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202410910 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Surala, M., Soso-Zdravkovic, L., Munro, D. A. D., Rifat, A., Ouk, K., Vida, I., Priller, J., & Madry, C. (2024) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00130-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Eskandari‐Sedighi, G., Crichton, M. C., Zia, S., Gomez‐Cardona, E., Cortez, L. M., Patel, Z. H., Takahashi, K., Laurent, C. D. S., Sidhu, G., Sarkar, S., et al. (2024) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-024-00734-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Yang, Y., García-Cruzado, M., Zeng, H., Camprubí-Ferrer, L., Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik, B., Bachiller, S., & Deierborg, T. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Daniels, M. J. D., Lefèvre, L., Szymkowiak, S., Drake, A., McCulloch, L. J., Tzioras, M., Barrington, J., Dando, O., He, X., Mohammad, M., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85279 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Shabestari, S. K., Barannikov, S., Bieniek, K. F., Blurton-Jones, M. M., Palavicini, J. P., & Han, X. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64161-z · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationImmune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Butovsky, O., Rosenzweig, N., Kleemann, K. L., Jorfi, M., Kuchroo, V. K., Tanzi, R. E., & Weiner, H. L. (2025) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-025-00997-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Vervuurt, M., Schrader, J. M., de Kort, A. M., Kersten, I., Wessels, H. J. C. T., Klijn, C. J. M., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., Kuiperij, H. B., Gloerich, J., Nostrand, W. E. V., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01698-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Human microglial models to study host–virus interactions
McMillan, R. E., Wang, E. Y., Carlin, A. F., & Coufal, N. G. (2023) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114375 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Synaptic pruning by microglia: lessons from genetic studies in mice
de Deus, J. L., Faborode, O. S., & Nandi, S. (2024) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000541379 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Augusto‐Oliveira, M., Arrifano, G. D. P., Leal-Nazaré, C. G., Chaves-Filho, A. J. M., Santos-Sacramento, L., Lopes-Araújo, A., Tremblay, M., & Lopez, M. E. C. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106091 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Takatori, S., Kondo, M., & Tomita, T. (2025) · Inflammation and Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s41232-025-00383-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Huang, Y., & Lemke, G. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2204306119 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Distinct patterns of plaque and microglia glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease
Fastenau, C., Bunce, M., Keating, M., Wickline, J. L., Hopp, S. C., & Bieniek, K. F. (2024) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13267 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Brain macrophages in vascular health and dysfunction
Bijnen, M., Sridhar, S., Keller, A., & Greter, M. (2024) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2024.11.012 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Microglia sense astrocyte dysfunction and prevent disease progression in an Alexander disease model
Saito, K., Shigetomi, E., Shinozaki, Y., Kobayashi, K., Parajuli, B., Kubota, Y., Sakai, K., Miyakawa, M., Horiuchi, H., Nabekura, J., et al. (2023) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awad358 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Alpha-synuclein inclusion responsive microglia are resistant to CSF1R inhibition
Stoll, A. C., Kemp, C. J., Patterson, J. R., Kubik, M., Kuhn, N. C., Benskey, M. J., Duffy, M. F., Luk, K. C., & Sortwell, C. E. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03108-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bobotis, B. C., Halvorson, T., Carrier, M., & Tremblay, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1317125 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Paladini, M. S., Yang, B. A., Torkenczy, K. A., Frias, E. S., Feng, X., Krukowski, K., Sit, R. V., Morri, M., Lam, W., Pedoia, V., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63952-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nguyen, C. T., Broersma, E. H., Warden, A. S., Mora, C., Han, C. Z., Keulen, Z., Spann, N. J., Wang, J., Ramírez, G., Mak, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02299-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease – Promises and pitfalls
Bhatti, J. S., Khullar, N., Mishra, J., Kaur, S., Sehrawat, A., Sharma, E., Bhatti, G. K., Selman, A., & Reddy, P. H. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166712 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the immune system
Munsterman, D., Falcione, S. R., Long, R., Boghozian, R., Joy, T., Camicioli, R. M., Smith, E. E., & Jickling, G. C. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13826 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hume, D. A. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2025.06.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationEnnerfelt, H. E., Holliday, C., Shapiro, D. A., Zengeler, K. E., Bolte, A. C., Ulland, T. K., & Lukens, J. R. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2303760120 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kecheliev, V., Spinelli, F., Herde, A. M., Haider, A., Mu, L., Klohs, J., Ametamey, S. M., & Ni, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018610 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Strategies to dissect microglia-synaptic interactions during aging and in Alzheimer's disease
Heuer, S. E., Bloss, E. B., & Howell, G. R. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109987 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Refining the interactions between microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Chen, J., Xu, S., Wang, L., Liu, X., Liu, G., Tan, Q., Li, W., Zhang, S., & Du, Y. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.033 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Immunity in Alzheimer’s disease: From mechanisms to therapies
Chen, X., Holtzman, D. M., & Colonna, M. (2026) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2026.02.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Neuroimmunology of healthy brain aging
Fonken, L. K., & Gaudet, A. D. (2022) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2022.102649 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Plaque vicinity as a hotspot of microglial turnover in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Olmedillas, M., Brawek, B., Li, K., Richter, C., & Garaschuk, O. (2023) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24458 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Xu, R., Huang, H., Yang, J., Yu, C., Zhang, H., & Xu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1650909 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Samuels, J. D., Lukens, J. R., & Price, R. J. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15981 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Piccioni, G., Maisto, N., d’Ettorre, A., Strimpakos, G., Nisticò, R., Triaca, V., & Mango, D. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03019-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Therapeutic Targets in Innate Immunity to Tackle Alzheimer’s Disease
Serradas, M. L., Ding, Y., Martorell, P., Kulińska, I., & Castro‐Gomez, S. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13171426 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Brandão, W. N., Jain, N., Yin, Z., Kleemann, K. L., Carpenter, M., Bao, X., Serrano, J. R., Tycksen, E., Durão, A. C. C. D. S., Barry, J., et al. (2025) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adk3690 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDecoding microglial functions in Alzheimer’s disease: insights from human models
Rao, C., Semrau, S., & Fossati, V. (2025) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2025.02.011 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Multifaceted microglia during brain development: Models and tools
Bridlance, C., & Thion, M. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1125729 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Therapeutic targeting of neuroimmune mechanisms in neurodegeneration
Monroe, K. M., Hong, S. Y., Lewcock, J. W., & Yang, A. C. (2026) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-025-01370-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Glial phagocytosis for synapse and toxic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases
Choi, Y., & Chung, W. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00870-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Heuer, S. E., Keezer, K. J., Hewes, A. A., Onos, K. D., Graham, K., Howell, G. R., & Bloss, E. B. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13440 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gaunt, J. R., Zainolabidin, N., Yip, A. K. K., Tan, J. M., Low, A. Y. T., Chen, A. I., & Ch’ng, T. H. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02913-8 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Jiao, H., Ge, Y., Huang, L.-Y., Liu, Y., Wu, B., Lian, P., Hao, Y., Han, S., Li, Y., Wu, K., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00887-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mechanisms and environmental factors shaping the ecosystem of brain macrophages
Penati, S., Brioschi, S., Cai, Z., Han, C. Z., & Colonna, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1539988 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ramirez, J. J., Hardin, E. J., Sakers, K., Kim, J., Ortiz, C. K. C., Savage, J. T., Hanamsagar, R., Block, C. L., Singh, S. K., Bilbo, S. D., et al. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.12.028 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lead Acetate Exposure and Cerebral Amyloid Accumulation: Mechanistic Evaluations in APP/PS1 Mice
Gu, H., Liu, L. L., Wu, A., Yu, Y., Emir, U. E., Sawiak, S. J., Territo, P. R., Farlow, M. R., Zheng, W., & Du, Y. (2024) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp14384 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Takeuchi, L. E., Kalia, L. V., & Simmons, C. A. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106864 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Microglia in early brain development: A window of opportunity
Catale, C., & Garel, S. (2025) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2025.103062 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Huang, C.-C., Tsai, S., Liu, S., Yeh, M.-C., Hung, H., Lee, C.-W., Cheng, C., Hsu, P., & Kuo, Y.-M. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s481101 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Stables, J., Pal, R., Bradford, B. M., Carter‐Cusack, D., Taylor, I., Pridans, C., Khan, N., Woodruff, T. M., Irvine, K. M., SUMMERS, K. M., et al. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106743 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKing, M. W., Jacob, S. M., Sharma, A., Lawrence, J. H., & Musiek, E. S. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70885 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li, T., Zhang, J., Song, H., Zhang, R., Fan, F., Huang, Z., Zeng, M., Peng, B., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03631-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kadam, R., Gupta, M., Lazarov, O., & Prabhakar, B. S. (2024) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1093/jleuko/qiae134 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Repopulation of microglia and its implications for CNS disorders: Insights from the single-cell era
Chen, C., Qiao, G., Tang, D., Xu, F., Dong, J., Zhang, J., & Jin, B. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107066 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lee, J. H., Chang, W. S., Min, S. S., Song, D., & Yoo, H. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14171342 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A neuroimmune cerebral assembloid model to study the pathophysiology of familial Alzheimer’s disease
Becerra-Calixto, A., Banerjee, A., Fan, H., Tan, C., Lee, E., McCullough, L. D., & Lee, J. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03544-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Azadian, M. M., Shabestari, S. K., Rajan, A., Martinez, P. J., Macedo, N., Markarian, E., Xiang, Y., Yu, B. J., George, P. M., Fame, R. M., et al. (2025) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-025-02866-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Exploring the Connectivity of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Microglia as the Center
Wang, Y., Cui, L., Zhao, H., He, H., Chen, L., Song, X., Liu, D., Qiu, J., & Sun, Y. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s440377 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Guo, X., Zhao, J., Gao, X., Zhang, L., Huang, T., Wang, Y., Niu, Q. L., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2024.117107 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ebrahimi, R., Bordbar, S., Azad, G., Davoody, S., Mahmoudi, M., & Esmaeilpour, K. (2025) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-025-08403-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Calcines-Rodríguez, L., Noyes-Martel, N., Becker, J. D., Nguyen, S. K., Osabutey, M., Trojanczyk, L., Majewska, A. K., & O’Banion, M. K. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03659-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bartas, K., Nguyen, M. H., Zhao, W., Hui, M., Nie, Q., & Beier, K. T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-10795-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Deren, D. A. V., Xu, B., Nagarajan, N., Boulet, A. M., Zhang, S., & Capecchi, M. R. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03190-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Taylor, I., Patkar, O. L., Liu, Y., Jacquelin, S., Green, E. K., Ranpura, G. N., Carter‐Cusack, D., Rosendahl, N., Ewing, A. D., Kurniawan, N. D., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.633478 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationFoley, K. E., Weekman, E. M., Krick, K. E., Johnson, S. N., Sudduth, T. L., & Wilcock, D. M. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1456-24.2024 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Huang, S., Patkar, O. L., Schulze, S., Carter‐Cusack, D., Millard, S. M., Ranpura, G. N., Green, E. K., Maxwell, E. L., Kanesarajah, J., Cowin, G., et al. (2025) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202503264 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia-derived APOE2 improves remyelination even in the presence of endogenous APOE4
Nolt, G. L., Golden, L. R., Thorpe, S. P., Funnell, J. L., Stephens, I. O., Hernandez, G., MacLean, S. M., Lucido, C. C., Brock, C. R., Pallerla, A. V., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03639-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Role of PI3Kγ in the polarization, migration, and phagocytosis of microglia
Liang, X., Hu, Y., Li, X., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Han, Y., Han, Y., & Lang, G.-P. (2024) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105917 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Critical Role of Autophagy and Phagocytosis in the Aging Brain
Bondy, S. C., & Wu, M. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26010057 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jin, M., Ma, Z., Dang, R., Zhang, H., Kim, R., Xue, H., Pascual, J. R., Finkbeiner, S. M., Head, E., Liu, Y. M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.12.584646 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional border-associated macrophages limit Alzheimer’s Disease progressionPreprint
Adler, D. I., Pinheiro-Rosa, N., Millet, A., Gajic, Z. Z., Cheng, E., Gamallo‐Lana, B., Morizawa, Y. M., Klann, E., Gan, W., Mar, A. C., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.31.703045 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kiani Shabestari, S., Morabito, S., Danhash, E. P., McQuade, A., Sanchez, J. R., Miyoshi, E., Chadarevian, J. P., Claes, C., Coburn, M. A., Hasselmann, J., Hidalgo, J., Tran, K. N., Martini, A. C., Chang Rothermich, W., Pascual, J., Head, E., Hume, D. A., Pridans, C., Davtyan, H., Swarup, V., & Blurton-Jones, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Centre for Inflammation Research (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Blurton-Jones, Mathew
- ORCID
- Kiani Shabestari, Sepideh
- Morabito, Samuel
- Danhash, Emma Pascal
- McQuade, Amanda
- Sanchez, Jessica Ramirez
- Miyoshi, Emily
- Chadarevian, Jean Paul
- Claes, Christel
- Coburn, Morgan Alexandra
- Hasselmann, Jonathan
- Martini, Alessandra C.
- Chang Rothermich, Winston
- Pascual, Jesse
- Head, Elizabeth
- Hume, David A.
- Pridans, Clare
- Davtyan, Hayk
- Swarup, Vivek
- Blurton-Jones, Mathew
- Venue
- Cell Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 110961
- ISSN
- 2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9285116
- OpenAlex
- W4282918296
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 12.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P30-AG066519, R01-AG056303, R01AG061895, R61-HL154307, RF1-AG055524, RF1-DA048813)
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute on Aging (T32-AG00096, T32-AG073088)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1163981)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32-NS082174)
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (EDUC4-12822)
- Cure Alzheimer's Fund
- Mater Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Keywords
- microglia, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyloid plaques, cerebral calcification, hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, microglial repopulation, TREM2, iPSC-derived microglia
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Transgenic, Receptors, Immunologic, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Microglia, Mice, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Plaque, Amyloid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
