New frontiers in the treatment of type 1 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells that results in lifelong absolute insulin deficiency. For nearly a century, insulin replacement has been the only therapy for most people living with this disease. Recent advances in technology and our understanding of β-cell development, glucose metabolism, and the underlying immune pathogenesis of the disease have led to innovative therapeutic and preventative approaches. A paradigm shift in immunotherapy development towards the targeting of islet-specific immune pathways involved in tolerance has driven the development of therapies that may allow for the prevention or reversal of this disease while avoiding toxicities associated with historical approaches that were broadly immunosuppressive. In this review, we discuss successes, failures, and emerging pharmacological therapies for type 1 diabetes that are changing how we approach this disease from improving glycemic control to the ‘holy grail’ of disease prevention.
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Although several islet autoantibodies have been detected in individuals with type 1 diabetes, and these have prognostic value in individuals at high risk of type 1 diabetes, routine measurement of islet autoantibodies has limited use outside of clinical studies.
“Although several islet autoantibodies have been detected in individuals with type 1 diabetes, and these have prognostic value in individuals at high risk of type 1 diabetes, routine measurement of islet autoantibodies has limited use outside of clinical studies (410).”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [410]
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- Authors
- Warshauer, J. T., Bluestone, J. A., & Anderson, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Mark S.
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-61
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6986815
- OpenAlex
- W2994810741
- Semantic Scholar
- c630811516a3147404801bdcf1197637539ef881
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 14
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, islet autoimmunity, beta cell regeneration, islet transplantation, immunotherapy, immune tolerance, disease prevention, insulin deficiency, glycemic control, beta-cell development, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunotherapy
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