Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a relatively new vaccine class showing great promise for the future. This optimism is built on recently published studies demonstrating the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in combatting several types of cancer and infectious pathogens where conventional vaccine platforms may fail to induce protective immune responses. These results would not have been possible without critical recent innovations in the field, such as the development of safe and efficient materials for in vivo mRNA delivery and advanced protocols for the production of high quality mRNA. This review summarizes the most important developments in mRNA vaccines from the past few years and discusses the challenges and future directions for the field.
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Upscaling of cell-free vaccine production is relatively straightforward, providing a cutting-edge tool for rapid response in epidemics and pandemics.
“Furthermore, the upscaling of cell-free vaccine production is relatively straightforward, thereby providing a cutting-edge tool for rapid response in epidemics and pandemics.4, 5, 6, 7”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines have features that allow them to be rapidly designed and upscaled while still being highly potent and low cost.
“Compared with traditional vaccines, which are relatively slow and laborious to develop,1,11,12 mRNA-based vaccines have features that allow them to be rapidly designed and upscaled while still being highly potent and low cost.6”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Tfh cells further help activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that may specifically recognize and eliminate virus-infected cells.
“Tfh cells further help activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that may specifically recognize and eliminate virus-infected cells (Figure 1).6,55, 56, 57”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Tfh cells recognize antigens on the APC surface and help to activate B cells, which in turn produce high-affinity virus-neutralizing antibodies.
“Tfh cells recognize antigens on the APC surface and help to activate B cells, which in turn produce high-affinity virus-neutralizing antibodies.6,55, 56, 57”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Incorporating the poly(A) tail in the DNA plasmid eliminates reaction steps and reduces overall production time and material loss.
“The poly(A) tail is encoded in the DNA template, which eliminates reaction steps and reduces overall production time and material loss29.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
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“In the past few years, with technological advances in mRNA modification and delivery tools (Ickenstein and Garidel, 2019; Maruggi et al., 2019; Pardi et al., 2020), themRNA vaccine field has developed extremely rapidly in basic and clinical research.”
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- Authors
- Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., & Weissman, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pardi, Norbert
- Weissman, Drew
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 65
- Pages
- 14-20
- ISSN
- 0952-7915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3014553071
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 16
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1R01AI146101, R01-AI124429, R01-AI084860, R01-AI050484)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- mRNA vaccines, mRNA delivery, mRNA production, cancer vaccines, infectious disease vaccines, protective immune response, vaccine adjuvants
- MeSH terms
- Humans, RNA, Messenger, Vaccines
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