Mindfulness, acceptance, and emotion regulation: perspectives from Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT)
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Abstract
Experiential acceptance-an orientation of receptivity and noninterference with present-moment experiences-is described as central to mindfulness interventions, yet little experimental work has tested acceptance as a mechanism for mindfulness intervention effects. Guided by Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT), this review situates acceptance as an emotion regulation mechanism and reviews self-report mindfulness literature showing that attention monitoring skills are only associated with beneficial mental and physical health outcomes when accompanied by acceptance skills. New experimental dismantling work shows that removing acceptance training from mindfulness interventions reduces their efficacy for improving stress, positive emotion, and social relationship outcomes. Overall, converging evidence demonstrates that acceptance is a critical emotion regulation mechanism of mindfulness interventions. This work advances basic research, has translational value, and offers opportunities for future research.
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Mindfulness is thought to reduce emotional barriers to advance care planning by increasing distress tolerance or acceptance of unpleasant thoughts and feelings, thereby reducing emotional reactivity during end-of-life discussions.
“Mindfulness, or compassionate acceptance of present-moment experiences, is thought to reduce emotional barriers to advance care planning [30]. By increasing distress tolerance or acceptance of unpleasant thoughts and feelings, mindfulness practices may reduce emotional reactivity during end-of-life discussions [31].”
From Mindfulness to enhance quality of life and support advance care planning: a pilot randomized controlled trial for adults with advanced cancer and their family caregivers. (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The sections “MAT: Acceptance as an emotion regulation mechanism” and “MAT insights, revisions, and future directions” describe acceptance in mindfulness as a way to regulate emotion and reduce reactivity. They do not address advance care planning or end-of-life discussions, so the application to those settings is not established by this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness practices increase distress tolerance by facilitating compassionate awareness of thoughts and feelings.
“First, mindfulness practices increase distress tolerance by facilitating compassionate awareness of thoughts and feelings [31].”
From Mindfulness to enhance quality of life and support advance care planning: a pilot randomized controlled trial for adults with advanced cancer and their family caregivers. (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The Abstract describes mindful awareness paired with acceptance, openness, and equanimity. In “Testing MAT: Dismantling acceptance from mindfulness interventions” (page unavailable), the paper reports that a nonjudgmental stance buffered negative affect and that acceptance training helped reduce stress. It does not establish increased distress tolerance as a distinct outcome; “compassionate awareness” is a loose paraphrase of its acceptance language. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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“By increasing distress tolerance or acceptance of unpleas-ant thoughts and feelings, mindfulness practices may reduce emotional reactivity during end-of-life discussions [31].”
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Mindfulness as an Adjunct to Behavior Modification for Elementary-aged Children with ADHD
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Monitoring and Acceptance: Key Dimensions in Establishing Mindfulness
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Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Potential Synergies
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Mindfulness Is Linked with Affectivity in Daily Life: An Experience-Sampling Study with Meditators
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Emotion Regulation: Foundational Abilities for Optimal Youth Development
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Validation of the Italian Translation of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale
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Mindfulness on Daily Life Coping in People Experiencing Psychosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Sexual Minority Status, Affect Lability, and Suicide Ideation: Buffering Role of Trait Mindfulness
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Financial Mindfulness: A Scale
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The mindful resiliency in recovery model: empowering the transcendence of stigma
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Does Brief Focused Attention and Open Monitoring Meditation Affect the Attentional Blink?
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A Framework for Deep Resilience in the Anthropocene
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“The word allowing is sometimes used interchangeably with a range of similar verbs such as non-interfering, tolerating, enduring, embracing, welcoming, and warmly regarding (Cordova, 2001; Lindsay and Creswell, 2019).”
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- Authors
- Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lindsay, Emily K
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 28
- Pages
- 120-125
- ISSN
- 2352-250X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6565510
- OpenAlex
- W2912349592
- Semantic Scholar
- 59bfb00e1c6bebc9fce0ba1d01462527ca627f0b
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01AT008685, F32AT009508, R21AT008493)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- mindfulness, acceptance, emotion regulation, attention monitoring, mindfulness-based interventions, stress, positive emotions, interpersonal relationships
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Humans, Psychological Theory, Mindfulness
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