Privacy attitudes and privacy behaviour: A review of current research on the privacy paradox phenomenon
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The relationship between privacy attitudes and privacy behaviors is absent or weak at best.
“As examined by Kokolakis (2017) in a comprehensive review, the relationship between privacy attitudes and privacy behaviors is absent or weak at best.”
From Privacy Cynicism and its Role in Privacy Decision-Making (2024) · cites this paper as Kokolakis (2017)
Individuals worry about their privacy despite often disclosing information in exchange for being able to use online services.
“Despite the apparent ease with which individuals often seem to disclose their information in exchange for being able to use online services (i.e., Carrascal etal., 2013; see also Kokolakis, 2017), individuals worry about their privacy.”
From Privacy Cynicism and its Role in Privacy Decision-Making (2024) · cites this paper as Kokolakis, 2017
The evidence for the existence of the privacy paradox in terms of the absence of a direct link between privacy attitudes and behaviors is mixed.
“The evidence for the existence of the privacy paradox in terms of the absence of a direct link between privacy attitudes and behaviors is mixed (for reviews, see Baruh etal., 2017; Kokolakis, 2017).”
From Privacy Cynicism and its Role in Privacy Decision-Making (2024) · cites this paper as Kokolakis, 2017
Privacy cynicism may be one explanation of the incongruence between privacy attitudes and concerns and privacy behaviors.
“Therefore, privacy cynicism may be one of the explanations of the incongruence between privacy attitudes and concerns and privacy behaviors (Barnes, 2006; Kokolakis, 2017; Lutz et al., 2020).”
From Privacy Cynicism and its Role in Privacy Decision-Making (2024) · cites this paper as Kokolakis, 2017
Privacy behavior is highly context dependent, and users might show distinct privacy behavior in different contexts.
“According to Kokolakis (2017), users might show distinct privacy behavior in different contexts, suggesting that privacy behavior is highly context dependent.”
From Putting the privacy paradox to the test: Online privacy and security behaviors among users with technical knowledge, privacy awareness, and financial resources (2019) · cites this paper as Kokolakis (2017)
Factors influencing e-privacy decisions have usually been studied in isolation, and most studies focused on the context of social network sites and e-commerce.
“So far, such factors have usually been studied in isolation and most studies focused on the context of social network sites (SNSs) and e-commerce (cf.Kokolakis, 2017).”
From The privacy and control paradoxes in the context of smartphone apps (2022) · cites this paper as Kokolakis, 2017
Several studies reported the privacy paradox in the context of social network sites and e-commerce.
“Several studies reported the privacy paradox in the context of SNSs and e-commerce (for reviews, see Barth and de Jong, 2017;Kokolakis, 2017).”
From The privacy and control paradoxes in the context of smartphone apps (2022) · cites this paper as Kokolakis, 2017
Contact tracing apps are an extreme case of the privacy paradox.
“Contact tracing as an extreme case of the privacy paradox: which values?”
From Contact tracing apps and values dilemmas: A privacy paradox in a neo-liberal world (2020) · cites this paper as Kokolakis, 2017
The covid crisis may be an illustration of the privacy paradox, which states that we generally value privacy, but when we have an opportunity we are ready to trade it for something else.
“Otherwise put the covid crisis may be a nice illustration of the privacy paradox which states that we generally value privacy, but when we have an opportunity we are ready to trade it for something else (Kokolakis, 2017).”
From Contact tracing apps and values dilemmas: A privacy paradox in a neo-liberal world (2020) · cites this paper as Kokolakis, 2017
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“We did however, find a review of current research on the privacy paradox phenomenon (Kokolakis, 2017).”
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“As concluded by Kokolakis (2017), researchers have explained the (absence of the) privacy paradox, or more generally individuals’ (lack of) privacy protection behavior by taking into account, for instance, the role of a rational risk–benefit assessment (e.g., Dinev & Hart, 2006; Xu et al., 2011),…”
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- Authors
- Kokolakis, S.
- Affiliations
- University of the Aegean (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Kokolakis, Spyros
- ORCID
- Kokolakis, Spyros
- Venue
- Computers & Security
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 64
- Pages
- 122-134
- ISSN
- 0167-4048 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2207884471
- Semantic Scholar
- e041cf62681944a874a712ba216441cf117f4139
- Cited by
- 1,229
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 164 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 165 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 121 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 129.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers & Security (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Keywords
- privacy paradox, privacy attitudes, privacy behavior, personal information disclosure, social networking sites, privacy concerns, behavioral economics, self-reported behavior
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