Single-Neuron Responses in Humans during Execution and Observation of Actions
Open accessAbstract
Direct recordings in monkeys have demonstrated that neurons in frontal and parietal areas discharge during execution and perception of actions [1-8]. Because these discharges "reflect" the perceptual aspects of actions of others onto the motor repertoire of the perceiver, these cells have been called mirror neurons. Their overlapping sensory-motor representations have been implicated in observational learning and imitation, two important forms of learning [9]. In humans, indirect measures of neural activity support the existence of sensory-motor mirroring mechanisms in homolog frontal and parietal areas [10, 11], other motor regions [12-15], and also the existence of multisensory mirroring mechanisms in nonmotor regions [16-19]. We recorded extracellular activity from 1177 cells in human medial frontal and temporal cortices while patients executed or observed hand grasping actions and facial emotional expressions. A significant proportion of neurons in supplementary motor area, and hippocampus and environs, responded to both observation and execution of these actions. A subset of these neurons demonstrated excitation during action-execution and inhibition during action-observation. These findings suggest that multiple systems in humans may be endowed with neural mechanisms of mirroring for both the integration and differentiation of perceptual and motor aspects of actions performed by self and others.
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Only one study purports to offer direct evidence from single cell recording of mirror neurons in the human brain.
“Only one study purports to offer direct evidence - from single cell recording - of MNs in the human brain (Mukamel et al., 2010).”
From Mirror neurons: from origin to function (2014) · cites this paper as Mukamel et al., 2010
With rare exceptions, MN activity cannot be localized precisely within the human brain.
“with rare exceptions (Mukamel et al., 2010), MN activity cannot be localized precisely within the human brain.”
From Mirror neurons: from origin to function (2014) · cites this paper as Mukamel et al., 2010
The supplementary motor area has been suggested as one potential generator of the Pre-Motor Positivity and has been ascribed mirror neuron functions.
“The SMA has been suggested as one potential generator of the PMP (Deecke, Kornhuber, Lang, Lang, & Schreiber, 1985) and also has been ascribed mirror neuron functions (Mukamel et al., 2010).”
From Interplay of self-other distinction and cognitive control mechanisms in a social automatic imitation task: An ERP study (2021) · cites this paper as Mukamel et al., 2010
The generator of the PMP has been suggested to be located in the SMA, which has also been ascribed human mirror neuron functions.
“The generator of the PMP has been suggested to be located in the SMA (Deecke et al., 1985), which has also been ascribed human mirror neuron functions (Mukamel et al., 2010).”
From Interplay of self-other distinction and cognitive control mechanisms in a social automatic imitation task: An ERP study (2021) · cites this paper as Mukamel et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Mukamel, R., Ekstrom, A. D., Kaplan, J., Iacoboni, M., & Fried, I.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mukamel, Roy
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 750-756
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2904852
- OpenAlex
- W2110997285
- Cited by
- 1,178
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 129.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS033221)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR013642, RR 13642, RR00865, M01RR000865, C06RR012169)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- mirror neurons, action observation, action execution, supplementary motor area, hippocampus, medial frontal cortex, temporal cortex, hand grasping, emotional facial expressions, observational learning, imitation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Electrophysiology, Emotions, Facial Expression, Hand, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Motor Activity, Neurons, Psychomotor Performance, Visual Perception
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