Transcranial direct current stimulation improves short-term memory in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impairing levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. However, different meta-analyses have reported disruptions in short and long-term memory in ADHD patients. Previous studies indicate that mnemonic dysfunctions might be the result of deficits in attentional circuits, probably due to ineffective dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In this study we aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of a neuromodulatory technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in short-term memory (STM) deficits presented by the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), the most widely used animal model of ADHD. Adult male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to a constant electrical current of 0.5 mA intensity applied on the frontal cortex for 20 min/day during 8 days. STM was evaluated with an object recognition test conducted in an open field. Exploration time and locomotion were recorded, and brain regions were dissected to determine dopamine and BDNF levels. SHR spent less time exploring the new object when compared to WKY, and tDCS improved object recognition deficits in SHR without affecting WKY performance. Locomotor activity was higher in SHR and it was not affected by tDCS. After stimulation, dopamine levels were increased in the hippocampus and striatum of both strains, while BDNF levels were increased only in the striatum of WKY. These findings suggest that tDCS on the frontal cortex might be able to improve STM deficits present in SHR, which is potentially related to dopaminergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus and striatum of those animals.
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Transcranial direct current stimulation onto the PFC increases DA levels in the hippocampus and striatum, and improves NOP memory in spontaneous hypertensive rats.
“Transcranial direct current stimulation onto the PFC also increased DA levels in the hippocampus and striatum, and NOP memory was thereby improved in spontaneous hypertensive rats (Leffa et al., 2016).”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Leffa et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Leffa, D. T., de Souza, A., Scarabelot, V. L., Medeiros, L. F., de Oliveira, C., Grevet, E. H., Caumo, W., de Souza, D. O., Rohde, L. A. P., & Torres, I. L. S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 368-377
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2185471782
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq
- Committee for the Development of Higher Education Personnel-CAPES
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre-HCPA (14-0103)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, short-term memory, spontaneously hypertensive rats, object recognition, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hippocampus, striatum, frontal cortex stimulation, locomotor activity, neuromodulation
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Dopamine, Locomotion, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Rats, Inbred SHR, Rats, Inbred WKY, Statistics as Topic, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Recognition, Psychology, Rats, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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