Cited by 223Neuroprotection in Cerebral IschemiaPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

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Dietary supplementation with blueberries, spinach, or spirulina reduces ischemic brain damage

Wang, Yun, Chang, Chen-Fu, Chou, Jenny, Chen, Hui-Ling, Deng, Xiaolin, Harvey, Brandon K., Cadet, Jean Lud, Bickford, Paula C.·2005·Experimental Neurology

DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.12.014

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Abstract

Free radicals are involved in neurodegenerative disorders, such as ischemia and aging. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with diets enriched with blueberry, spinach, or spirulina have been shown to reduce neurodegenerative changes in aged animals. The purpose of this study was to determine if these diets have neuroprotective effects in focal ischemic brain. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with equal amounts of diets (blueberry, spinach, and spirulina) or with control diet. After 4 weeks of feeding, all animals were anesthetized with chloral hydrate. The right middle cerebral artery was ligated with a 10-O suture for 60 min. The ligature was later removed to allow reperfusional injury. Animals were sacrificed and brains were removed for caspase-3 enzymatic assays and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at 8 and 48 h after the onset of reperfusion. A subgroup of animals was used for locomotor behavior and biochemical assays. We found that animals which received blueberry, spinach, or spirulina enriched diets had a significant reduction in the volume of infarction in the cerebral cortex and an increase in post-stroke locomotor activity. There was no difference in blood biochemistry, blood CO2, and electrolyte levels among all groups, suggesting that the protection was not indirectly mediated through the changes in physiological functions. Animals treated with blueberry, spinach, or spirulina had significantly lower caspase-3 activity in the ischemic hemisphere. In conclusion, our data suggest that chronic treatment with blueberry, spinach, or spirulina reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis and cerebral infarction.

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Authors: Wang, Y., Chang, C.-F., Chou, J., Chen, H.-L., Deng, X., Harvey, B. K., Cadet, J. L., & Bickford, P. C.
Affiliations: National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
University of South Florida (US)
Corresponding author: Bickford, Paula C.
ORCID: Wang, Yun
Deng, Xiaolin
Harvey, Brandon K.
Cadet, Jean Lud
Bickford, Paula C.
Venue: Experimental Neurology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-05
Volume: 193
Issue: 1
Pages: 75-84
ISSN: 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.12.014
OpenAlex: W2113563491
Cited by: 223
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 7.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service
National Institute on Aging (AG04418, P01AG004418)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: blueberry, spinach, Spirulina, dietary supplementation, cerebral ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, neuroprotection, caspase-3, apoptosis, cerebral infarction, middle cerebral artery occlusion, locomotor recovery, free radicals, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms: Cyanobacteria, Animals, Antioxidants, Bacterial Proteins, Brain Ischemia, Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Spinacia oleracea, Dietary Supplements, Blueberry Plants, Rats, Spirulina

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Dietary supplementation with blueberries, spinach, or spirulina reduces ischemic brain damage

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