Repetitive Behavior in 12-Month-Olds Later Classified With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Objective As compared to the utility of early emerging social communicative risk markers for predicting a later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), less is known about the relevance of early patterns of restricted and repetitive behaviors. We examined patterns of stereotyped motor mannerisms and repetitive manipulation of objects in 12-month-olds at high and low risk for developing ASD, all of whom were assessed for ASD at 24 months.Method Observational coding of repetitive object manipulation and stereotyped motor behaviors in digital recordings of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales was conducted using the Repetitive and Stereotyped Movement Scales for 3 groups of 12-month-olds: low-risk infants (LR, n = 53); high-familial-risk infants who did not meet diagnostic criteria for ASD at 24 months (HR-negative, n = 75); and high-familial-risk infants who met diagnostic criteria for ASD at 24 months (HR-ASD, n = 30).Results The HR-ASD group showed significantly more stereotyped motor mannerisms than both the HR-negative group (p = .025) and the LR group (p = .001). The HR-ASD and HR-negative groups demonstrated statistically equivalent repetitive object manipulation scores (p = .431), and both groups showed significantly more repetitive object manipulation than the LR group (p < .040). Combining the motor and object stereotypy scores into a Repetitive and Stereotyped Movement Scales (RSMS) composite yielded a disorder-continuum effect such that each group was significantly different from one another (LR < HR-negative < HR-ASD).Conclusion These results suggest that targeted assessment of repetitive behavior during infancy may augment early ASD identification efforts.
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For most high-risk (HR) infants, the hallmark features of ASD, social-communication deficits, and repetitive behavior are not evident until 12 months of age or later.
“It appears that for most high-risk (HR) infants, the hallmark features of ASD, social-communication deficits, and repetitive behavior are not evident until 12 months of age or later [3, 10, 12, 14, 36, 47, 49].”
From Behavioral, cognitive, and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Elison, J. T., Wolff, J. J., Reznick, J. S., Botteron, K. N., Estes, A. M., Gu, H., Hazlett, H. C., Meadows, A. J., Paterson, S. J., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Piven, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Elison, Jed T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1216-1224
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4254502
- OpenAlex
- W2030715852
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Autism Speaks
- Simons Foundation
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Florida State University
- University of Minnesota
- Washington University in St. Louis
- University of Washington
- Stollery Children’s Hospital Foundation
- Children's Hospital Foundation
- University of Alberta
- Alberta Innovates
- National Institutes of Health (5 -T32, HD 03110)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute of Mental Health (HD40127, HD055741, 5-T32)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 055741, P30-HD03110, HD03110, HD007376)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (#HD03110, T32-HD-40127, HD007376, U54HD079124, HD055741-S1, P30-HD03110, P30HD003110, HD-055741, HD-40127, T32HD007376, T32HD040127, R01HD055741)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, restricted and repetitive behaviors, familial risk, infants, early risk markers
- MeSH terms
- Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stereotyped Behavior, Cohort Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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