Frailty Assessment in the Cardiovascular Care of Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
Due to the aging and increasingly complex nature of our patients, frailty has become a high-priority theme in cardiovascular medicine. Despite the recognition of frailty as a pivotal element in the evaluation of older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD), there has yet to be a road map to facilitate its adoption in routine clinical practice. Thus, we sought to synthesize the existing body of evidence and offer a perspective on how to integrate frailty into clinical practice. Frailty is a biological syndrome that reflects a state of decreased physiological reserve and vulnerability to stressors. Upward of 20 frailty assessment tools have been developed, with most tools revolving around the core phenotypic domains of frailty-slow walking speed, weakness, inactivity, exhaustion, and shrinking-as measured by physical performance tests and questionnaires. The prevalence of frailty ranges from 10% to 60%, depending on the CVD burden, as well as the tool and cutoff chosen to define frailty. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that frailty carries a relative risk of >2 for mortality and morbidity across a spectrum of stable CVD, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and surgical and transcatheter interventions. Frailty contributes valuable prognostic insights incremental to existing risk models and assists clinicians in defining optimal care pathways for their patients. Interventions designed to improve outcomes in frail elders with CVD such as multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation are being actively tested. Ultimately, frailty should not be viewed as a reason to withhold care but rather as a means of delivering it in a more patient-centered fashion.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The prevalence of frailty in older individuals with CVD rises progressively from subclinical CVD to heart failure to overt acute syndromes to cardiac surgery, where it can exceed 60%.
“The prevalence of frailty in older individuals with CVD rises progressively from subclinical CVD, to heart failure, to overt acute syndromes, to cardiac surgery when, depending on the procedure, the rate of frailty can be >60%”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [200]
Many different measures of frailty exist, but physical frailty is conceptually distinctive from the frailty index and relates more directly to functional attributes.
“Although many different measures of frailty exist, physical frailty is conceptually distinctive from the frailty index39,41,42 and relates more directly to functional attributes.41,42”
Physical frailty includes specific domains of functional decline (weakness, slowness, and reduced activity) that relate to CVD but not through any specific impact on cardiac output.
“Thus, physical frailty includes specific domains of functional decline (weakness, slowness, and reduced activity) that relate to CVD but not through any specific impact on cardiac output.41”
Frailty increases hospital length of stay and adverse outcomes in patients admitted for CVD, HF, CAD, and associated procedures and exacerbates risks of long-term disability thereafter.
“Frailty increases hospital length of stay and adverse outcomes in patients admitted for CVD, HF, CAD,41 and associated procedures (eg, cardiac valve replacement or arterial vascular surgery [aortic or lower limb arterial intervention])45,46 and exacerbates risks of long-term disability thereafter.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907 · see citing works
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · see citing works
Self-citationA global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people
Rockwood, K. (2005) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.050051 · Cited by 8,968 · see citing works
HEART DISEASE AND STROKE STATISTICS–2014 UPDATE: A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
Tarver, T. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet · doi:10.1080/15398285.2014.902284 · Cited by 5,595 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad · Cited by 5,292 · see citing works
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Studenski, S. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1923 · Cited by 4,558 · see citing works
Kahn, R. L. (1998) · Cited by 4,295 · see citing works
Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability
Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Salive, M. E., & Wallace, R. B. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199503023320902 · Cited by 4,083 · see citing works
Self-citationFried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, G. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.3.m255 · Cited by 4,032 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman Aging: Usual and Successful
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3299702 · Cited by 3,384 · see citing works
Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., & Ross, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x · Cited by 3,139 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Muscle mass is a predictor of frailty and functional decline (86,87) and can be reliably measured by computed tomography, magnetic resonance, or dual-isotope x-ray absorptiometry (88).”
BackgroundPrevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review
Collard, R. M., Boter, H., Schoevers, R. A., & Oude Voshaar, R. C. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x · Cited by 3,073 · see citing works
Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Pieper, C. F., Leveille, S. G., Markides, K. S., Ostir, G. V., Studenski, S., Berkman, L. F., & Wallace, R. B. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m221 · Cited by 2,898 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people
Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406233302501 · Cited by 2,857 · see citing works
Meaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults.
Perera, S., Mody, S. H., Woodman, R. C., & Studenski, S. A. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x · Cited by 2,513 · see citing works
Abellan Van Kan, G., Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., Bauer, J., Beauchet, O., Bonnefoy, M., Cesari, M., Donini, L. M., Gillette-Guyonnet, S., Inzitari, M., et al. (2009) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0246-z · Cited by 2,003 · see citing works
Phenotype of frailty: characterization in the women's health and aging studies
Bandeen-Roche, K., Xue, Q.-L., Ferrucci, L., Walston, J., Guralnik, J. M., Chaves, P., Zeger, S. L., & Fried, L. P. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.3.262 · Cited by 1,215 · see citing works
Self-citationFrailty: An Emerging Research and Clinical Paradigm--Issues and Controversies
Bergman, H., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J., Hogan, D. B., Hummel, S., Karunananthan, S., & Wolfson, C. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.7.731 · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
Self-citationThe I.A.N.A. task force on frailty assessment of older people in clinical practice
Van Kan, G. A., Rolland, Y., Bergman, H., Morley, J. E., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Vellas, B. (2008) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/bf02982161 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Fugate Woods, N., LaCroix, A. Z., Gray, S. L., Aragaki, A., Cochrane, B. B., Brunner, R. L., Masaki, K., Murray, A., & Newman, A. B. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53405.x · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Studenski, S., Fried, L. P., Cutler, G. B., Walston, J. D., & The Interventions on Frailty Working Group (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52174.x · Cited by 1,027 · cited 1× · see citing works
“With the accrual of diagnostic and prognostic data in CVD cohorts, we are now on the horizon of therapeutic trials to define how to best care for our frail cardiac patients (91,92).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFrailty Defined by Deficit Accumulation and Geriatric Medicine Defined by Frailty
Rockwood, K. J., & Mitnitski, A. (2010) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2010.08.008 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Rodés‐Cabau, J., Webb, J. G., Cheung, A. W., Ye, J., Dumont, É., Feindel, C. M., Osten, M., Natarajan, M. K., Velianou, J. L., Martucci, G. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.014 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Walston, J. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.20.2333 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Newman, A. B., Simonsick, E. M., Naydeck, B. L., Boudreau, R. M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M. C., Pahor, M., Satterfield, S., Brach, J. S., Studenski, S. A., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.17.2018 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
Effect of 10 Days of Bed Rest on Skeletal Muscle in Healthy Older Adults
Kortebein, P., Ferrando, A., Lombeida, J., Wolfe, R., & Evans, W. J. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.16.1772-b · Cited by 933 · see citing works
Inflammatory Markers and Physical Performance in Older Persons: The InCHIANTI Study
Cesari, M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Pahor, M., Lauretani, F., Corsi, A. M., Williams, G. R., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.3.m242 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Self-citationA program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home
Gill, T. M., Baker, D. I., Gottschalk, M., Peduzzi, P. N., Allore, H., & Byers, A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020423 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Visser, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Goodpaster, B. H., Newman, A. B., Nevitt, M., Stamm, E., & Harris, T. B. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50217.x · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Associations of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease With Frailty
Newman, A. B., Gottdiener, J. S., McBurnie, M. A., Hirsch, C. H., Kop, W. J., Tracy, R. P., Walston, J. D., & Fried, L. P. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m158 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Outcome instruments to measure frailty: a systematic review
de Vries, N. M., Staal, J. B., van Ravensberg, C. D., Hobbelen, J. S. M., Olde Rikkert, M. G. M., & Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.001 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Afilalo, J., Eisenberg, M. J., Morin, J.-F., Bergman, H., Monette, J., Noiseux, N., Perrault, L. P., Alexander, K. P., Langlois, Y., Dendukuri, N., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.06.039 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Self-citationCesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Simonsick, E. M., Harris, T. B., Penninx, B. W., Brach, J. S., Tylavsky, F. A., Satterfield, S., Bauer, D. C., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02126.x · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Schaap, L. A., Pluijm, S. M. F., Deeg, D. J. H., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Colbert, L. H., Pahor, M., Rubin, S. M., Tylavsky, F. A., et al. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp097 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Lee, D. H., Buth, K. J., Martin, B., Yip, A. M., & Hirsch, G. M. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.841437 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Association of frailty with survival: A systematic literature review
Shamliyan, T., Talley, K. M., Ramakrishnan, R., & Kane, R. L. (2012) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.001 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Aging, frailty and age-related diseases
Fülöp, T., Larbi, A., Witkowski, J. M., McElhaney, J. E., Loeb, M. B., Mitnitski, A., & Pawelec, G. (2010) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-010-9287-2 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Improvement in usual gait speed predicts better survival in older adults
Hardy, S. E., Perera, S., Roumani, Y. F., Chandler, J. M., & Studenski, S. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01413.x · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Role of Frailty in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Afilalo, J., Karunananthan, S., Eisenberg, M. J., Alexander, K. P., & Bergman, H. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.01.375 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Self-citationRedefining Geriatric Preoperative Assessment Using Frailty, Disability and Co-Morbidity
Robinson, T. N., Eiseman, B., Wallace, J. I., Church, S. D., McFann, K. K., Pfister, S. M., Sharp, T. J., & Moss, M. (2009) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181b45598 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Rumsfeld, J. S., Alexander, K. P., Goff, D. C., Graham, M. M., Ho, P. M., Masoudi, F. A., Moser, D. K., Roger, V. L., Slaughter, M. S., Smolderen, K. G., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182949a2e · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic Review of Progressive Resistance Strength Training in Older Adults
Latham, N. K., Bennett, D., Stretton, C. M., & Anderson, C. S. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.1.m48 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Ávila‐Funes, J. A., Amieva, H., Barberger‐Gateau, P., Goff, M. L., Raoux, N., Ritchie, K. A., Carrière, I., Tavernier, B., Tzourio, C., Gutiérrez‐Robledo, L. M., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02136.x · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Tilson, J. K., Sullivan, K. J., Cen, S., Rose, D. K., Koradia, C. H., Azen, S. P., Duncan, P. W., & for the Locomotor Experience Applied Post Stroke (LEAPS) Investigative Team (2009) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20090079 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Baracos, V. E., Reiman, T., Mourtzakis, M., Gioulbasanis, I., & Antoun, S. (2010) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.28608c · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Simonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., Nevitt, M. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Harris, T. B., & for the Health ABC Study Group (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.10.m644 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Self-citationGreen, P., Woglom, A. E., Genereux, P., Daneault, B., Paradis, J.-M., Schnell, S., Hawkey, M., Maurer, M. S., Kirtane, A. J., Kodali, S., et al. (2012) · JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2012.06.011 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Self-citationWeight stability masks sarcopenia in elderly men and women
Gallagher, D., Ruts, E., Visser, M., Heshka, S., Baumgartner, R. N., Wang, J., Pierson, R. N., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.2.e366 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Volpato, S., Cavalieri, M., Sioulis, F., Guerra, G., Maraldi, C., Zuliani, G., Fellin, R., & Guralnik, J. M. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glq167 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance and Inflammation as Precursors of Frailty: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Barzilay, J. I. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.7.635 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Afilalo, J., Mottillo, S., Eisenberg, M. J., Alexander, K. P., Noiseux, N., Perrault, L. P., Morin, J., Langlois, Y., Ohayon, S. M., Monette, J., et al. (2012) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.111.963157 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Self-citationHandgrip strength and mortality in the oldest old population: the Leiden 85-plus study
Ling, C. H. Y., Taekema, D. G., de Craen, A. J. M., Gussekloo, J., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Maier, A. B. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.091278 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Frailty syndrome and skeletal muscle: results from the Invecchiare in Chianti study
Cesari, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Lauretani, F., Onder, G., Bandinelli, S., Maraldi, C., Guralnik, J. M., Pahor, M., & Ferrucci, L. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1142 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Self-citationEkerstad, N., Swahn, E., Janzon, M., Alfredsson, J., Löfmark, R., Lindenberger, M., & Carlsson, P. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.025452 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Identifying Frailty in Hospitalized Older Adults with Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Purser, J. L., Kuchibhatla, M. N., Fillenbaum, G. G., Harding, T. M., Peterson, E. D., & Alexander, K. P. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00914.x · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Biology of Aging and Frailty
Fedarko, N. S. (2010) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2010.08.006 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Dumurgier, J., Elbaz, A., Ducimetiere, P., Tavernier, B., Alperovitch, A., & Tzourio, C. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b4460 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Comprehensive assessment of frailty for elderly high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery☆
Sündermann, S., Dademasch, A., Praetorius, J., Kempfert, J., Dewey, T. M., Falk, V., Mohr, F., & Walther, T. (2010) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.04.013 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Stortecky, S., Schoenenberger, A. W., Moser, A., Kalesan, B., Jüni, P., Carrel, T., Bischoff, S., Schoenenberger, C.-M., Stuck, A. E., Windecker, S., et al. (2012) · JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2012.02.012 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Bouchard, D. R., Dionne, I. J., & Brochu, M. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.109 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Frailty predicts long‐term mortality in elderly subjects with chronic heart failure
Cacciatore, F., Abete, P., Mazzella, F., Viati, L., Della‐Morte, D., D’Ambrosio, D., Gargiulo, G., Testa, G., Santis, D. D., Galizia, G., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01572.x · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Schoenenberger, A. W., Stortecky, S., Neumann, S., Moser, A., Juni, P., Carrel, T., Huber, C., Gandon, M., Bischoff, S., Schoenenberger, C.-M., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs304 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
How to Select a Frail Elderly Population? A Comparison of Three Working Definitions
Chinapaw, M. J. M., Dekker, J. M., Feskens, E. J. M., Schouten, E. G., & Kromhout, D. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00077-3 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Chaves, P. H. M., Semba, R. D., Leng, S. X., Woodman, R. C., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., & Fried, L. P. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.6.729 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Self-citationSingh, M., Rihal, C. S., Lennon, R. J., Spertus, J. A., Nair, K. S., & Roger, V. L. (2011) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.111.961375 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Lee, J. S.-J., He, K., Harbaugh, C. M., Schaubel, D. E., Sonnenday, C. J., Wang, S. C., Englesbe, M. J., & Eliason, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.111 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Frailty, morbidity and survival
Klein, R., Klein, R., Knudtson, M. D., & Lee, K. E. (2005) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2005.01.002 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Physiopathological Mechanism of Sarcopenia
Walrand, S., Guillet, C., Salles, J., Cano, N., & Boirie, Y. (2011) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.005 · Cited by 235 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This leads to a catabolic milieu, in which muscle breakdown exceeds muscle building, leading to a progressive decline in muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) (14).”
BackgroundBaylis, D., Bartlett, D. B., Syddall, H. E., Ntani, G., Galé, C. R., Cooper, C. C., Lord, J. M., & Sayer, A. A. (2012) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-012-9396-8 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Estimating activity energy expenditure: how valid are physical activity questionnaires?
Neilson, H. K., Robson, P. J., Friedenreich, C. M., & Csizmadi, I. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.2.279 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The Pathogenesis of Cardiac Cachexia.
Pittman, J., & COHEN, P. (1966) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-64-2-481_1 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Frailty and risk for heart failure in older adults: The health, aging, and body composition study
Khan, H., Kalogeropoulos, A. P., Georgiopoulou, V. V., Newman, A. B., Harris, T. B., Rodondi, N., Bauer, D. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Butler, J. (2013) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.07.032 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Physiopathological mechanism of sarcopenia
Boirie, Y. (2009) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0203-x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Testosterone Supplementation in Heart Failure
Toma, M., McAlister, F. A., Coglianese, E. E., Vidi, V. D., Vasaiwala, S. C., Bakal, J. A., Armstrong, P. W., & Ezekowitz, J. A. (2012) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.111.965632 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Hospital Admission Among Older Persons With Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure
Chaudhry, S. I., McAvay, G., Chen, S., Whitson, H. E., Newman, A. B., Krumholz, H. M., & Gill, T. M. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.027 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
"Successful Aging" Effect of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease
Newman, A. B. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.19.2315 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Androgen Treatment and Muscle Strength in Elderly Men: A Meta‐Analysis
Ottenbacher, K. J., Ottenbacher, M. E., Ottenbacher, A. J., Acha, A. A., & Ostir, G. V. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00938.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
van Iersel, M. B., Munneke, M., Esselink, R. A. J., Benraad, C. E. M., & Rikkert, M. G. M. O. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.04.016 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Frailty and the Selection of Patients for Destination Therapy Left Ventricular Assist Device
Flint, K. M., Matlock, D. D., Lindenfeld, J. M., & Allen, L. A. (2012) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.111.963215 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationship Between Test Methodology and Mean Velocity in Timed Walk Tests: A Review
Graham, J. E., Ostir, G. V., Kuo, Y., Fisher, S. R., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.029 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Volpato, S., Cavalieri, M., Guerra, G., Sioulis, F., Ranzini, M., Maraldi, C., Fellin, R., & Guralnik, J. M. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.12.1393 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Chiarantini, D., Volpato, S., Sioulis, F., Bartalucci, F., Del Bianco, L., Mangani, I., Pepe, G., Tarantini, F., Berni, A., Marchionni, N., et al. (2010) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.01.004 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Sundermann, S., Dademasch, A., Rastan, A. J., et al. (2011) · Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1510/icvts.2010.251884 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Potential biomarkers of ageing
Simm, A., Naß, N., Bartling, B., Hofmann, B., Silber, R., & Santos, A. N. (2008) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2008.034 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Ewe, S. H., Marsan, N. A., Pepi, M., Delgado, V., Tamborini, G., Muratori, M., Ng, A. C. T., van der Kley, F., de Weger, A., Schalij, M. J., et al. (2010) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.09.003 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
McDermott, M., Guralnik, J., Tian, L., Ferrucci, L., Liu, K., Liao, Y.-H., & Criqui, M. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.05.030 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationLupón, J., González, B., Santaeugènia, S., Altimir, S., Urrútia, A., Mas, D., Díez, C., Pascual, T., Cano, L., & Valle, V. (2008) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/s1885-5857(08)60231-5 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Lupón, J., González, B., Santaeugènia, S., Altimir, S., Urrútia, A., Mas, D., Díez, C., Pascual, T., Cano, L., & Valle, V. (2008) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1157/13124994 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Travison, T. G., Nguyen, A., Naganathan, V., Stanaway, F., Blyth, F., Cumming, R. G., Couteur, D. G. L., Sambrook, P. N., & Handelsman, D. J. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0143 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Pulignano, G., Sindaco, D. D., Lenarda, A. D., Tarantini, L., Cioffi, G., Gregori, D., Tinti, M. D., Monzo, L., & Minardi, G. (2010) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0b013e328339d981 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Corti, M.-C., Salive, M. E., & Guralnik, J. M. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00562-5 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Mahabir, S., Baer, D. J., Giffen, C. A., Clevidence, B. A., Campbell, W. S., Taylor, P. R., & Hartman, T. J. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.1.230 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Drey, M., Pfeifer, K., Sieber, C. C., & Bauer, J. M. (2010) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000313433 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness, Carotid Plaques, and Walking Speed
Elbaz, A., Ripert, M., Tavernier, B., Février, B., Zureik, M., Gariépy, J., Alpérovitch, A., & Tzourio, C. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000181752.16915.5c · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Woo, J., Tang, N. L. S., Suen, E., Leung, J. C. S., & Leung, P. (2008) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2008.08.003 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Gharacholou, S. M., Roger, V. L., Lennon, R. J., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.01.384 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Bakker, F. C., Robben, S. H., & Rikkert, M. G. M. O. (2011) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2010.047183 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The Pathogenesis of Cardiac Cachexia
Pittman, J. G., & Cohen, P. (1964) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196408272710908 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Sex and Age Differences in Fragility in a Heart Failure Population
Altimir, S., Lupón, J., González, B., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.09.015 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Gait Speed and Dependence in Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Green, P., Woglom, A. E., Généreux, P., Maurer, M. S., Kirtane, A. J., Hawkey, M., Schnell, S., Sohn, J., Moses, J. W., Leon, M. B., et al. (2012) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.21974 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationSurgical Candidacy and Selection Biases in Nonemergent Left Main Stenting
McNulty, E., Ng, W., Spertus, J. A., Zaroff, J. G., Yeh, R. W., Ren, X. M., & Lundstrom, R. J. (2011) · JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2011.06.010 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Schaap, L. S., Pluijm, S. M. F., Deeg, D. J. H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Nicklas, B. J., Lips, P. T. A. M., Harris, T. B., Newman, A. B., Kritchevsky, S., Cauley, J. A., et al. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02997.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Frailty: The Missing Element in Predicting Operative Mortality
Chikwe, J., & Adams, D. H. (2010) · Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1053/j.semtcvs.2010.09.001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Reliability of 4-m and 6-m walking speed tests in elderly people with cognitive impairment
Muñoz-Mendoza, C. L., Cabañero‐Martínez, M. J., Millán-Calentí, J. C., Cabrero‐García, J., López-Sánchez, R., & Maseda, A. (2010) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2010.06.020 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: Biomarkers and imaging (International Conference on Sarcopenia research)
van Kan, G. A., Cedarbaum, J. M., Cesari, M., Dahinden, P., Fariello, R. G., Fielding, R. A., Goodpaster, B. H., Hettwer, S., Isaac, M., Laurent, D., et al. (2011) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-011-0365-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tjam, E. Y., Heckman, G. A., Smith, S., Arai, B., Hirdes, J. P., Poss, J. W., & McKelvie, R. S. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.01.031 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Frailty Across the Spectrum of Ankle-Brachial Index
Singh, S. S., Bailey, K. R., Noheria, A., & Kullo, I. J. (2011) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319711413457 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Changing Nature of Cardiac Interventions in Older Adults
Dodson, J. A., & Maurer, M. S. (2011) · Aging Health · doi:10.2217/ahe.11.12 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiss, C. O., Hoenig, H., Varadhan, R., et al. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp147 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Optimal Nutrition, Exercise, and Hormonal Therapy Promote Muscle Anabolism in the Elderly
Wolfe, R. R. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.08.018 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Page, M., Doucet, M., Eisenberg, M. J., et al. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.092053 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ferrucci, L., Maggio, M. G., Ceda, G. P., Beghi, C., Valenti, G., & Cicco, G. D. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.03.005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationMaurer, M. S., Cuddihy, P. E., Williams, J. W., Delisle, S., Strong, B. M., Gao, Q., Kachnowski, S., & Howell, J. (2008) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.10.021 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationPersinger, R. L., Janssen-Heininger, Y. M. W., Wing, S. S., Matthews, D. E., LeWinter, M. M., & Toth, M. J. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Frailty Is a Strong Modulator of Heart Failure–Associated Mortality
Rozzini, R., Sabatini, T., Frisoni, G. B., et al. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.6.737-b · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [110]Chaudhry SI McAvay G Chen S Risk factors for hospital admission among older persons with newly diagnosed heart failure: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 61 635 42 23391194 PMC3576871
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Visseren, F. L. J., Mach, F., Smulders, Y. M., Carballo, D., Koskinas, K. C., Bäck, M., Benetos, A., Biffi, A., Boavida, J.-M., Capodanno, D., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484 · Cited by 6,485 · see citing works
Collet, J.-P., Thiele, H., Barbato, E., Barthélémy, O., Bauersachs, J., Bhatt, D. L., Dendale, P., Dorobantu, M., Edvardsen, T., Folliguet, T., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575 · Cited by 5,037 · see citing works
Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty
Ferrucci, L., & Fabbri, E. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0064-2 · Cited by 3,690 · see citing works
Self-citationOtto, C. M., Nishimura, R. A., Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Erwin, J. P., Gentile, F., Jneid, H., Krieger, E. V., Mack, M., McLeod, C., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000923 · Cited by 3,686 · see citing works
Self-citationAmbrosetti, M., Abreu, A., Corrà, U., Davos, C. H., Hansen, D., Frederix, I., Iliou, M. C., Pedretti, R. F. E., Schmid, J.-P., Vigorito, C., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487320913379 · Cited by 965 · see citing works
Noncardiac comorbidities in heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction
Mentz, R. J., Kelly, J. P., von Lueder, T. G., Voors, A. A., Lam, C. S. P., Cowie, M. R., Kjeldsen, K., Jankowska, E. A., Atar, D., Butler, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.036 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Multimorbidity in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Forman, D. E., Maurer, M. S., Boyd, C., Brindis, R., Salive, M. E., Horne, F. M., Bell, S. P., Fulmer, T., Reuben, D. B., Zieman, S., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.022 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Self-citationInterventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Ijaz, N., Buta, B., Xue, Q.-L., Mohess, D. T., Bushan, A., Tran, H., Batchelor, W., deFilippi, C. R., Walston, J. D., Bandeen-Roche, K., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.029 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Self-citationMaddox, T. M., Januzzi, J. L., Allen, L. A., Breathett, K., Brouse, S., Butler, J., Davis, L. L., Fonarow, G. C., Ibrahim, N. E., Lindenfeld, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.024 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Self-citationForman, D. E., Arena, R., Boxer, R., Dolansky, M. A., Eng, J. J., Fleg, J. L., Haykowsky, M., Jahangir, A., Kaminsky, L. A., Kitzman, D. W., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000483 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Self-citation2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease
Otto, C. M., Nishimura, R. A., Bonow, R. O., Carabello, B. A., Erwin, J. P., Gentile, F., Jneid, H., Krieger, E. V., Mack, M., McLeod, C., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.002 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationScherrenberg, M., Wilhelm, M., Hansen, D., Völler, H., Cornelissen, V., Frederix, I., Kemps, H., & Dendale, P. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487320939671 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Warraich, H. J., Kitzman, D. W., Whellan, D. J., Duncan, P. W., Mentz, R. J., Pastva, A. M., Nelson, M. B., Upadhya, B., & Reeves, G. R. (2018) · Circulation: Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005254 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Gait Speed and Operative Mortality in Older Adults Following Cardiac Surgery.
Afilalo, J., Kim, S., O’Brien, S., Brennan, J. M., Edwards, F. H., Mack, M. J., McClurken, J. B., Cleveland, J. C., Smith, P. K., Shahian, D. M., et al. (2016) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0316 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation and Treatment of Older Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Clinical Review
Strandberg, T. E., Kolehmainen, L., & Vuorio, A. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10924 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Veronese, N., Stubbs, B., Noale, M., Solmi, M., Rizzoli, R., Vaona, A., Demurtas, J., Crepaldi, G., & Maggi, S. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.028 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kumbhani, D. J., Armbruster, A. L., Cheng, R. K., Chrispin, J., Fischer, U., Holbrook, A. M., Joglar, J., & Sevestre, M.-A. (2026) · JACC · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.05.033 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Afilalo, J., Alexander, K. P., Mack, M. J., Maurer, M. S., Green, P., Allen, L. A., Popma, J. J., Ferrucci, L., & Forman, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Heart Hospital Baylor Plano (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Afilalo, Jonathan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 747-762
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4571179
- OpenAlex
- W1970195980
- Cited by
- 1,173
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 126 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Medtronic
- Boston Scientific
- Abbott
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- frailty, frailty assessment, older adults, cardiovascular disease, Fried frailty phenotype, frailty prevalence, prognostic model, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, cardiac surgery, transcatheter interventions, clinical practice integration, patient-centered care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Frail Elderly
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
