Physiopathological Mechanism of Sarcopenia
Abstract
The etiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial but still poorly understood, and the sequelae of this phenomenon represent a major public health issue. Age-related loss of muscle mass can be counteracted by adequate metabolic interventions including nutritional intake and exercise training. Other strategies including changes in daily protein pattern, the speed of protein digestion, or specific amino acid supplementation may be beneficial to improve short-term muscle anabolic response in elderly people. A multimodal approach combining nutrition, exercise, hormones, and specific anabolic drugs may be an innovative treatment for limiting the development of sarcopenia with aging.
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Abnormal muscle protein anabolism may result from inadequate nutritional intake or impaired response to nutrients and hormones (anabolic resistance).
“Abnormal muscle protein anabolism may result from inadequate nutritional intake (lower anabolic signal) or from impaired response to nutrients and hormones (lower sensitivity), that is, anabolic resistance.5”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
Age-related muscle loss can be counteracted by exercise training and by increased intake of protein or amino acids.
“Evidence shows that age-related muscle loss can be counteracted by exercise training 128 and by increased intake of protein or amino acids.5,120”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
Physical activity during hospitalization and in posthospitalization rehabilitation sessions has reported benefits.
“There is no global standard or recommendation, but physical activity during hospitalization and in posthospitalization rehabilitation sessions has reported benefits.1e3,5e10, 69,70,149e152”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citationThe role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia
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“nutrition may contribute to the development of sarcopenia and aggravate the inevitable age-related loss of muscle mass and function [5, 6].”
BackgroundNutritional status and body fat mass: Determinants of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults
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“Discussion Sarcopenia is defined as the involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength with ageing [1].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSystemic and Metabolic Signature of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
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“This incidence of malnutrition may in part be due to both inadequate nutritional intake and impaired digestive function (28), which together may result in reduced nutrient uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues (29).”
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“Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and function during aging [13,47].”
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“The origin of age-related sarcopenia is multifactorial (Boirie 2009; Kim et al. 2010), but it has become obvious that muscle protein loss during aging may be partly explained by a decreased ability of muscle to respond appropriately to anabolic stimuli such as food intake (Mosoni et al.”
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“Moreover, they require more proteins to offset inflammatory and catabolic conditions associated with chronic and acute diseases [67].”
BackgroundAutonomic dysfunction is common in HIV and associated with distal symmetric polyneuropathy
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“%) participants meeting”
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“This increased FM may in turn reinforce muscle loss through proinflammatory processes and lipotoxicity (Walrand et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialExercise and Amino Acid Anabolic Cell Signaling and the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Mass
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“Although the etiology of sarcopenia is multifaceted, the most evident metabolic explanation for the decline in muscle mass is an imbalance between rates of MPS and proteolysis [88].”
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Where Two Common Conditions of Aging Meet: Osteoarthritis and Sarcopenia
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“Anti-IL-6 agent tocilizumab is also linked to muscle gain after one year of treatment [8] in rheumatoid arthritis.”
BackgroundHigh Protein Diet and Metabolic Plasticity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Myths and Truths
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“Variations in muscle cross-sectional area or toe flexion force could be due to gender differences [73] or age related sarcopenia [50, 74].”
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“Appropriate dietary interventions providing positive nitrogen balance can reduce muscle loss and induce anabolic effects in sarcopenia [29].”
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“With aging, muscle mass and muscle strength decrease, a phenomenon also known as sarcopenia [32] with multiple related factors such as inadequate nutritional intake, imbalance protein metabolism, and malnutrition [33, 34].”
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“While the aetiology of aged-related muscle atrophy is multifactorial, a disruption in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein turnover seems to play a major role (Boirie, 2009).”
Backgroundvan Norren, K., Rusli, F., van Dijk, M., Lute, C., Nagel, J., Dijk, F. J., Dwarkasing, J. T., Boekschoten, M. V., Luiking, Y. C., Witkamp, R. F., et al. (2015) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12024 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: Biomarkers and imaging (International Conference on Sarcopenia research)
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“A study on young healthy men showed that a high protein diet improved both physical and cognitive function [9] but the effects are still unknown in older populations who may metabolize protein and amino acids less efficiently than younger people [10].”
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“Pieces of plantaris muscle were used to isolate mixed proteins as previously described [24].”
MethodSelf-citationConsiderations for the Development of Innovative Foods to Improve Nutrition in Older Adults
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“Age-related endocrine and metabolic alterations [3] induce body composition changes including progressive loss of muscles and bone mass and acquisition of fat mass [4].”
BackgroundPilot Study on Genetic Associations With Age-Related Sarcopenia
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“…with an increased risk of falls, reduced functionality, and even higher mortality (2) and is partly due to a declining anabolic response to protein intake and to the offset of inflammatory and catabolic conditions associated with chronic and acute diseases that occur commonly with aging (3).”
Moreau, K., Walrand, S., & Boirie, Y. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.06.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia and dynapenia in elderly people
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Sarcopenia is a Significant Predictor of Mortality After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
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4E‐BP1 and 4E‐BP2 double knockout mice are protected from aging‐associated sarcopenia
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Self-citationAchieving High Protein Quality Is a Challenge in Vegan Diets: A Narrative Review
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“153,199,200 Aging is a risk factor for protein misfolding diseases, in which amyloids are formed and commonly observed in various neurodegenerative disorders.”
Lifelong Football Training: Effects on Autophagy and Healthy Longevity Promotion
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Trace element contents in toenails are related to regular physical activity in older adults
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- Authors
- Walrand, S., Guillet, C., Salles, J., Cano, N., & Boirie, Y.
- Affiliations
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (FR)
- Venue
- Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 365-385
- ISSN
- 0749-0690 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081978729
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 11.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinics in Geriatric Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, muscle mass loss, aging, muscle anabolism, protein intake, amino acid supplementation, exercise training, dietary intervention, anabolic agents, hormonal regulation, multimodal therapy
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Dietary Proteins, Female, Hormones, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Sarcopenia
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