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Cited by 274Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchCognitive Functions and MemoryCognitive Abilities and Testing

Computerized and virtual reality cognitive training for individuals at high risk of cognitive decline: Systematic review of the literature

Coyle, Hannah, Traynor, Victoria, Solowij, Nadia·2015·The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.04.009
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cognitive training, specifically computerized cognitive training (CCT) and virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT), programs for individuals living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and therefore at high risk of cognitive decline. After searching a range of academic databases (CINHAL, PSYCinfo, and Web of Science), the studies evaluated (N = 16) were categorized as CCT (N = 10), VRCT (N = 3), and multimodal interventions (N = 3). Effect sizes were calculated, but a meta-analysis was not possible because of the large variability of study design and outcome measures adopted. The cognitive domains of attention, executive function, and memory (visual and verbal) showed the most consistent improvements. The positive effects on psychological outcomes (N = 6) were significant reductions on depressive symptoms (N = 3) and anxiety (N = 2) and improved perceived use of memory strategy (N = 1). Assessments of activities of daily living demonstrated no significant improvements (N = 8). Follow-up studies (N = 5) demonstrated long-term improvements in cognitive and psychological outcomes (N = 3), and the intervention groups showed a plateau effect of cognitive functioning compared with the cognitive decline experienced by control groups (N = 2). CCT and VRCT were moderately effective in long-term improvement of cognition for those at high risk of cognitive decline. Total intervention time did not mediate efficacy. Future research needs to improve study design by including larger samples, longitudinal designs, and a greater range of outcome measures, including functional and quality of life measures, to assess the wider effect of cognitive training on individuals at high risk of cognitive decline.

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  • Several studies have provided evidence that ICT-based cognitive training tools are efficient as adjunct therapy for recovering or improving performance on cognitive skills and self-confidence, and for early intervention in individuals with MCI and age-related cognitive decline.

    “Several studies have provided evidence about the efficiency of cognitive training tools based on information and communication technologies (ICT) when applied as an adjunct therapy for recovering or improving performance on cognitive skills and self-confidence, as well as for an early intervention in individuals with MCI and age-related cognitive decline [8,9,10,11,12].”

    From Designing ICTs for Users with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Usability Study (2020) · cites this paper as [8]

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Authors
Coyle, H., Traynor, V., & Solowij, N.
Affiliations
University of Wollongong (AU)
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-04
Volume
23
Issue
4
Pages
335-359
ISSN
1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jagp.2014.04.009
OpenAlex
W2047680862
Cited by
274
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
FWCI
1.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
Funders
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords
computerized cognitive training, cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, attention, executive function, memory, depressive symptoms, anxiety, memory strategies, activities of daily living, long-term cognitive outcomes
MeSH terms
Dementia, Humans, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, User-Computer Interface, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Cognitive Dysfunction

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