The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kelly, Michelle E.; Loughrey, David; Lawlor, Brian A.; Robertson, Ian H.; Walsh, Cathal; Brennan, Sabina

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.004

Cited by 509Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchCognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and Memory

The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Kelly, Michelle E., Loughrey, David, Lawlor, Brian A., Robertson, Ian H., Walsh, Cathal, Brennan, Sabina·2014·Ageing Research Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.004

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Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the impact of cognitive training and general mental stimulation on the cognitive and everyday functioning of older adults without known cognitive impairment. We examine transfer and maintenance of intervention effects, and the impact of training in group versus individual settings. Thirty-one randomised controlled trials were included, with 1806 participants in cognitive training groups and 386 in general mental stimulation groups. Meta-analysis results revealed that compared to active controls, cognitive training improved performance on measures of executive function (working memory, p=0.04; processing speed, p<0.0001) and composite measures of cognitive function (p=0.001). Compared to no intervention, cognitive training improved performance on measures of memory (face-name recall, p=0.02; immediate recall, p=0.02; paired associates, p=0.001) and subjective cognitive function (p=0.01). The impact of cognitive training on everyday functioning is largely under investigated. More research is required to determine if general mental stimulation can benefit cognitive and everyday functioning. Transfer and maintenance of intervention effects are most commonly reported when training is adaptive, with at least ten intervention sessions and a long-term follow-up. Memory and subjective cognitive performance might be improved by training in group versus individual settings.

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Studies with children and older adults could be more sensitive to training-related changes than studies with young people.
“Hence, studies with children and older adults could be more sensitive to training-related changes than studies with young people (Kelly et al., 2014; Spencer-Smith and Klingberg, 2015; Weicker et al., 2016).”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Kelly et al., 2014

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Authors: Kelly, M. E., Loughrey, D., Lawlor, B. A., Robertson, I. H., Walsh, C., & Brennan, S.
Affiliations: Trinity College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author: Kelly, Michelle E.
ORCID: Kelly, Michelle E.
Loughrey, David
Lawlor, Brian A.
Robertson, Ian H.
Walsh, Cathal
Brennan, Sabina
Venue: Ageing Research Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-05
Volume: 15
Pages: 28-43
ISSN: 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.004
OpenAlex: W2136715217
Cited by: 509
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 6.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
NORMA (acceptedVersion)
Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders: Alzheimer Society
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: cognitive training, mental stimulation, older adults, healthy aging, executive function, working memory, processing speed, memory, transfer of training, maintenance of intervention effects, daily functioning
MeSH terms: Aged, Cognition, Humans, Mental Processes, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Reserve

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The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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