The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association charged a workgroup with the task of revising the 1984 criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The workgroup sought to ensure that the revised criteria would be flexible enough to be used by both general healthcare providers without access to neuropsychological testing, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid measures, and specialized investigators involved in research or in clinical trial studies who would have these tools available. We present criteria for all‐cause dementia and for AD dementia. We retained the general framework of probable AD dementia from the 1984 criteria. On the basis of the past 27 years of experience, we made several changes in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis. We also retained the term possible AD dementia, but redefined it in a manner more focused than before. Biomarker evidence was also integrated into the diagnostic formulations for probable and possible AD dementia for use in research settings. The core clinical criteria for AD dementia will continue to be the cornerstone of the diagnosis in clinical practice, but biomarker evidence is expected to enhance the pathophysiological specificity of the diagnosis of AD dementia. Much work lies ahead for validating the biomarker diagnosis of AD dementia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A consensus meeting was held among the study neurologists and neuropsychologists to clinically determine each potential participant’s cognitive status grouping (NC, MCI, or dementia) based on a standardized approach used in National Institute of Health (NIH)-funded Alzheimer’s Disease Centers across the United States (Albert et al., 2011; Jack et al., 2011; McKhann et al., 2011).”
From Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (I-CONECT) Among Socially Isolated Adults 75+ Years Old With Normal Cognition or Mild Cognitive Impairment: Topline Results (2024) · cites this paper as McKhann et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the atrophy of specific brain regions shown by structural MRI is an important part of the diagnostic criteria for FTD and AD (McKhann et al., 2011; Rascovsky et al., 2011)”
From Deep Learning-Based Classification and Voxel-Based Visualization of Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (2021) · cites this paper as McKhann et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Diagnosis of AD was made in accordance with the NINCDS-ADRCA criteria (McKhann et al., 2011) and MCI was diagnosed according to the Mayo criteria (Petersen et al., 1999).”
From Mean diffusivity in cortical gray matter in Alzheimer's disease: The importance of partial volume correction (2018) · cites this paper as McKhann et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“During this extended preclinical period prior to the dementia diagnosis, many patients develop behavioral or neuropsychiatric changes, including agitation, irritability, decreased motivation, loss of empathy, and depression, which increase the risk of transition to mild cognitive impairment and AD.12-14”
From Machine learning reveals prominent spontaneous behavioral changes and treatment efficacy in humanized and transgenic Alzheimer's disease models (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“All patients (n = 96) were clinically evaluated by expert neurologists (M.G., D.J.I.) at the time of recording at the frontotemporal degeneration center (FTDC) in the neurology department of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and they were classified at a weekly consensus meeting at the FTDC using established clinical criteria.”
From Automatic classification of AD pathology in FTD phenotypes using natural speech (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“AD is clinically diagnosed using the 2011 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria [5].”
From Identification of novel diagnostic panel for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: findings based on urine proteomics and machine learning (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Probable AD diagnoses were assigned according to both NINCDS/ADRDA criteria (23), and the core clinical NIA-AA criteria (28).”
From SUCLG2 identified as both a determinator of CSF Aβ1–42 levels and an attenuator of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“The University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Memory and Aging Center Dementia cohort consisted of 152 carefully phenotyped older adults meeting the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria for either mild-cognitive impairment22 or probable dementia because of AD.23”
From Whole-genome sequencing suggests a chemokine gene cluster that modifies age at onset in familial Alzheimer's disease (2015) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“More recently, the imaging of amyloid with compounds such as the radiolabeled Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) has received much interest and been proposed as a biomarker of AD.21,22”
From Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders: A VASCOG Statement (2014) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“These, along with amyloid imaging using positron emission tomography (PET), may help determine AD as the main or contributory cause of the cognitive disorder.”
From Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders: A VASCOG Statement (2014) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“CSF markers for AD are, however, better developed, with lower levels of Aβ42 and elevated levels of tau/phosphorylated-tau being indicative of AD pathology.21,22”
From Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders: A VASCOG Statement (2014) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The clinical criteria used most commonly are the NIA‐AA criteria for dementia 89 and mild cognitive impairment 90 due to Alzheimer's disease.”
From Mental health care for older adults: recent advances and new directions in clinical practice and research (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
In the citing paper
“The development of the DSM-5 criteria for the various subtypes involved extensive discussions with experts from diverse fields to harmonize the DSM criteria with criteria developed by other expert groups, such as the NIA-AA, 20,27 the frontotemporal dementia expert group, 28,29 the consortium on DLB, 30 the VASCOG working group, 31 the Movement Disorder Study Task Force on Parkinson Disease 32 and”
From Classifying neurocognitive disorders: the DSM-5 approach (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“This different pattern of results in bvFTD and AD may reflect the preferential and widespread damage within the AIN in bvFTD11,14,16, 17, 18, 19, 20,24 whereas in AD, AIN damage appears to be more circumscribed.17,38,88”
From Altered spatiotemporal brain dynamics of interoception in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“Second, patients received diagnoses based on established clinical criteria only,37,38 without testing for ATN biomarkers in AD such as the deposition of amyloid-β and tau proteins established via Positron Emission Tomography, CSF, or plasma in AD.94, 95, 96, 97”
From Altered spatiotemporal brain dynamics of interoception in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“The diagnosis was concluded in a multidisciplinary meeting using consensus criteria for probable FTD, PPD (DSM-V), and AD [25,31,32].”
In the citing paper
“Detection of abnormal Aβ accumulation (Aβ positivity) may support the clinical diagnosis of AD1,2 and is essential for including participants in clinical AD trials targeting Aβ.3”
From Performance of Fully Automated Plasma Assays as Screening Tests for Alzheimer Disease–Related β-Amyloid Status (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Diagnosis was established by the multidisciplinary teams at each research institute based on current consensus diagnostic criteria (McKhann et al., 2011; Postuma et al., 2015; Rascovsky et al., 2011).”
From Thinking versus feeling: How interoception and cognition influence emotion recognition in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease (2023) · cites this paper as McKhann et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“AD patients present with predominant episodic memory loss and impaired executive functioning, with atrophy observed in the medial temporal lobe, most notably in the hippocampus and posterior cingulate (McKhann et al., 2011).”
From Thinking versus feeling: How interoception and cognition influence emotion recognition in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease (2023) · cites this paper as McKhann et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“A diagnosis of probable AD had been made prior to the study by neurologists at the Memory Center according to the clinical criteria of the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association criteria for probable AD [1].”
From The effects of confinement on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease during the COVID-19 crisis (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The 3 major clinical criteria for the AD spectrum are the revised 2011 NIA-AA criteria, 32,39 the International Working Group (Dubois and colleagues 39,40 ) 2010 revised new lexicon criteria, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria.41”
From The Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Spectrum (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The 2011 National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria for AD recognizes nonamnestic AD presentations that include language, visuospatial, and executive dysfunction features.32”
From The Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Spectrum (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“dementia-level impairment requires cognitive or behavioral symptoms”
From The Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Spectrum (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“MCI diagnosis is a matter of”
From The Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Spectrum (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“With the advent of biomarkers that enable in vivo identification of underlying AD pathological conditions, and the acceptance that AD begins years before the emergence of cognitive impairment, AD is now commonly accepted as a clinicopathological entity7,8 that can be diagnosed without histopathological examination, in the presence of appropriate biomarker evidence of an underlying condition.6,8,9”
From Positron Emission Tomography Imaging With [ 18 F]flortaucipir and Postmortem Assessment of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
Self-citationAlbert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008 · Cited by 10,152 · cited 7×
“Initial efforts to incorporate biomarkers into the diagnosis of AD dementia and MCI [14] need to be coupled with a more comprehensive approach to the diagnostic process.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Characterization and Outcome
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303 · Cited by 8,980
Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity
Petersen, R. C. (2004) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x · Cited by 7,864
Sperling, R. A., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Bennett, D. A., Craft, S., Fagan, A. M., Iwatsubo, T., Jack, C. R., Kaye, J., Montine, T. J., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 · Cited by 7,155
Self-citationClassification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants
Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Hillis, A. E., Weintraub, S., Kertesz, A., Mendez, M., Cappa, S. F., Ogar, J. M., Rohrer, J. D., Black, S., Boeve, B. F., et al. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31821103e6 · Cited by 5,141 · cited 1×
“For example, Dementia with Lewy bodies [8], vascular dementia [9], behavior variant frontotemporal dementia [10–12], and primary progressive aphasia [13] have been characterized extensively.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDiagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Third report of the DLB consortium
McKeith, I. G., Dickson, D. W., Lowe, J., Emre, M., O'Brien, J. T., Feldman, H., Cummings, J., Duda, J. E., Lippa, C., Perry, E. K., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1 · Cited by 5,069
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria
Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Gustafson, L., Passant, U., Stuss, D., Black, S., Freedman, M., Kertesz, A., Robert, P. H., Albert, M., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.6.1546 · Cited by 5,047
Winblad, B., Palmer, K., Kivipelto, M., Jelic, V., Fratiglioni, L., Wahlund, L. ‐., Nordberg, A., Bäckman, L., Albert, M., Almkvist, O., et al. (2004) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x · Cited by 4,946 · cited 1×
“It should be noted that the clinical syndrome, as summarized in this section and Table 1, is almost identical to the one previously described by Petersen et al [5,6,11].”
ResultSelf-citationRomán, G. C., Tatemichi, T. K., Erkinjuntti, T., Cummings, J. L., Masdeu, J. C., Garcia, J. H., Amaducci, L., Orgogozo, J.-M., Brun, A., Hofman, A., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.2.250 · Cited by 4,921 · cited 1×
“For example, Dementia with Lewy bodies [8], vascular dementia [9], behavior variant frontotemporal dementia [10–12], and primary progressive aphasia [13] have been characterized extensively.”
Background
Cited by
Sorted by citations
NIA‐AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease
Jack, C. R., Bennett, D. A., Blennow, K., Carrillo, M. C., Dunn, B., Haeberlein, S. B., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W., Jessen, F., Karlawish, J., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018 · Cited by 10,537
Self-citationAlbert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008 · Cited by 10,152
“Thus, the point at which an individual transitions from the asymptomatic phase to the symptomatic predementia phase [3], or from the symptomatic predementia phase to dementia onset, is difficult to identify [2].”
Self-citationSperling, R. A., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Bennett, D. A., Craft, S., Fagan, A. M., Iwatsubo, T., Jack, C. R., Kaye, J., Montine, T. J., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 · Cited by 7,155
Self-citationDementia prevention, intervention, and care
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6 · Cited by 6,072
Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease
van Dyck, C. H., Swanson, C. J., Aisen, P., Bateman, R. J., Chen, C., Gee, M., Kanekiyo, M., Li, D., Reyderman, L., Cohen, S., et al. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2212948 · Cited by 5,678
Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia
Rascovsky, K., Hodges, J. R., Knopman, D., Mendez, M. F., Kramer, J. H., Neuhaus, J., van Swieten, J. C., Seelaar, H., Dopper, E. G. P., Onyike, C. U., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr179 · Cited by 5,221
Self-citationScheltens, P., De Strooper, B., Kivipelto, M., Holstege, H., Chételat, G., Teunissen, C. E., Cummings, J., & van der Flier, W. M. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32205-4 · Cited by 5,465
Self-citation2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.001 · Cited by 5,069
The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
DeTure, M. A., & Dickson, D. W. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5 · Cited by 3,329
“Ultimately these criteria were revised in the 2012 NIA-AA Guidelines as it became more universally acknowledged that AD pathology can be present in the absence of clinical symptoms though there are updated clinical guidelines available for ascribing dementia to AD pathology before death [111].”
BackgroundAdvancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria
Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., Hampel, H., Molinuevo, J. L., Blennow, K., DeKosky, S. T., Gauthier, S., Selkoe, D., Bateman, R., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70090-0 · Cited by 3,321
Self-citationAlzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies
Long, J. M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.001 · Cited by 3,204
2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Thies, W. H., & Bleiler, L. (2013) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.02.003 · Cited by 3,372
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212
Hyman, B. T., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Carrillo, M. C., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., et al. (2012) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.10.007 · Cited by 3,092
Self-citationScheltens, P., Blennow, K., Breteler, M. M. B., de Strooper, B., Frisoni, G. B., Salloway, S., & Van der Flier, W. M. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01124-1 · Cited by 3,125
Self-citationNeuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?
Leng, F., & Edison, P. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-020-00435-y · Cited by 3,179
Jessen, F., Amariglio, R. E., van Boxtel, M., Breteler, M., Ceccaldi, M., Chételat, G., Dubois, B., Dufouil, C., Ellis, K. A., van der Flier, W. M., et al. (2014) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.001 · Cited by 3,014
Self-citationThe antibody aducanumab reduces Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease
Sevigny, J., Chiao, P., Bussière, T., Weinreb, P. H., Williams, L., Maier, M., Dunstan, R., Salloway, S., Chen, T., Ling, Y., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19323 · Cited by 3,059
Montine, T. J., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., Mirra, S. S., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0910-3 · Cited by 2,894
“‘‘Alzheimer’s disease’’ refers to a constellation of cognitive and behavioral changes that are typical for patients who have substantial amounts of its hallmark lesions [6, 39].”
Self-citationRevised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's Association Workgroup
Jack, C. R., Andrews, J. S., Beach, T. G., Buracchio, T., Dunn, B., Graf, A., Hansson, O., Ho, C., Jagust, W., McDade, E., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13859 · Cited by 2,803
Self-citationComprehensive Review on Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Treatment
Breijyeh, Z., & Karaman, R. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25245789 · Cited by 2,789
Albert, M., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D. W., Dubois, B., Feldman, H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A. C., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2013) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.11.1.96 · Cited by 2,643
Self-citationKnopman, D. S., Amieva, H., Petersen, R. C., Chételat, G., Holtzman, D. M., Hyman, B. T., Nixon, R. A., & Jones, D. T. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00269-y · Cited by 2,606
Self-citation2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536
2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.
Alzheimer's Association (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010 · Cited by 2,461
Lane, C. A., Hardy, J., & Schott, J. M. (2018) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13439 · Cited by 2,616
Litvan, I., Goldman, J. G., Tröster, A. I., Schmand, B. A., Weintraub, D., Petersen, R. C., Mollenhauer, B., Adler, C. H., Marder, K., Williams‐Gray, C. H., et al. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.24893 · Cited by 2,609
2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12068 · Cited by 2,353
Lefaucheur, J.-P., Aleman, A., Baeken, C., Benninger, D. H., Brunelin, J., Di Lazzaro, V., Filipović, S. R., Grefkes, C., Hasan, A., Hummel, F. C., et al. (2020) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002 · Cited by 2,382
Villemagne, V. L., Burnham, S., Bourgeat, P., Brown, B., Ellis, K. A., Salvado, O., Szoeke, C., Macaulay, S. L., Martins, R., Maruff, P., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70044-9 · Cited by 2,279
2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Anonymous (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12638 · Cited by 2,469
Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Singh, A., Kukreti, R., Saso, L., & Kukreti, S. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24081583 · Cited by 2,398
Karran, E., Mercken, M., & Strooper, B. D. (2011) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3505 · Cited by 2,188
2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Anonymous (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12328 · Cited by 2,339
Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease
Vogt, N. M., Kerby, R. L., Dill-McFarland, K. A., Harding, S. J., Merluzzi, A. P., Johnson, S. C., Carlsson, C. M., Asthana, S., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13601-y · Cited by 2,137
A/T/N: An unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers
Jack, C. R., Bennett, D. A., Blennow, K., Carrillo, M. C., Feldman, H. H., Frisoni, G. B., Hampel, H., Jagust, W. J., Johnson, K. A., Knopman, D. S., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002923 · Cited by 1,864
Self-citation2018 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.001 · Cited by 1,912
Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration
Armstrong, M. J., Litvan, I., Lang, A. E., Bak, T. H., Bhatia, K. P., Borroni, B., Boxer, A. L., Dickson, D. W., Grossman, M., Hallett, M., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827f0fd1 · Cited by 1,904
Jia, L., Du, Y., Chu, L., Zhang, Z., Li, F., Lyu, D., Li, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, M., Jiao, H., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30185-7 · Cited by 1,829
Defeating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society
Winblad, B., Amouyel, P., Andrieu, S., Ballard, C., Brayne, C., Brodaty, H., Cedazo-Minguez, A., Dubois, B., Edvardsson, D., Feldman, H., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00062-4 · Cited by 1,676
Self-citationHigh performance plasma amyloid-β biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
Nakamura, A., Kaneko, N., Villemagne, V. L., Kato, T., Doecke, J., Doré, V., Fowler, C., Li, Q.-X., Martins, R., Rowe, C., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25456 · Cited by 1,681
2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003 · Cited by 1,684
Primary age-related tauopathy (PART): a common pathology associated with human aging
Crary, J. F., Trojanowski, J. Q., Schneider, J. A., Abisambra, J. F., Abner, E. L., Alafuzoff, I., Arnold, S. E., Attems, J., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1349-0 · Cited by 1,467
Self-citationThe characterisation of subjective cognitive decline
Jessen, F., Amariglio, R. E., Buckley, R. F., van der Flier, W. M., Han, Y., Molinuevo, J. L., Rabin, L., Rentz, D. M., Rodriguez-Gomez, O., Saykin, A. J., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30368-0 · Cited by 1,389
Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: Review
Arvanitakis, Z., Shah, R. C., & Bennett, D. A. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4782 · Cited by 1,561
The Diagnosis and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Clinical Review
Langa, K. M., & Levine, D. A. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.13806 · Cited by 1,337
2017 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(, T. D. B. T. A.-R. C. C. A. S. O. A. C. B. S., different, ). J. A. I. A., destroyed, S. A. T. A. S. T. M. E. T. M. C. I. S. I. A. G. W. A. T. R. N. I. T. O. B. T. F. N. T. B. D. A. D. A. U. I. B. R. I. I. F. N. M. A. N. I. O. P. O. T. B. A. D. A., difficulties, I. E. O., agitation, I. N. S. S. A., & delusions., S. A. (2017) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.02.001 · Cited by 1,366
Rajan, K. B., Weuve, J., Barnes, L. L., McAninch, E. A., Wilson, R. S., & Evans, D. A. (2021) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12362 · Cited by 1,268
Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing
Cabeza, R., Albert, M., Belleville, S., Craik, F. I. M., Duarte, A., Grady, C. L., Lindenberger, U., Nyberg, L., Park, D. C., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2 · Cited by 1,298
Williamson (2019) · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.21442 · Cited by 1,246
PET Imaging of Tau Deposition in the Aging Human Brain
Schöll, M., Lockhart, S. N., Schonhaut, D. R., O’Neil, J. P., Janabi, M., Ossenkoppele, R., Baker, S. L., Vogel, J. W., Faria, J., Schwimmer, H. D., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.028 · Cited by 1,214
Lifestyle interventions to prevent cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer disease
Kivipelto, M., Mangialasche, F., & Ngandu, T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-018-0070-3 · Cited by 1,173
Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer’s disease
Ossenkoppele, R., Schonhaut, D. R., Schöll, M., Lockhart, S. N., Ayakta, N., Baker, S. L., O’Neil, J. P., Janabi, M., Lazaris, A., Cantwell, A., et al. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww027 · Cited by 1,185
Clinical Neurology and Epidemiology of the Major Neurodegenerative DiseasesPreprint
Erkkinen, M. G., Kim, M., & Geschwind, M. D. (2017) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a033118 · Cited by 1,231
Classifying neurocognitive disorders: the DSM-5 approach
Sachdev, P. S., Blacker, D., Blazer, D. G., Ganguli, M., Jeste, D. V., Paulsen, J. S., & Petersen, R. C. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.181 · Cited by 1,116
Cognitive frailty: Rational and definition from an (I.A.N.A./I.A.G.G.) International Consensus Group
Kelaiditi, E., Cesari, M., Canevelli, M., van Kan, G. A., Ousset, P., Guyonnet, S., Ritz, P., Duveau, F., Soto, M., Provencher, V., et al. (2013) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0367-2 · Cited by 1,156
Current understanding of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and treatment
Weller, J., & Budson, A. (2018) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.14506.1 · Cited by 1,083
Biomarker Modeling of Alzheimer’s Disease
Jack, C. R., & Holtzman, D. M. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.003 · Cited by 1,002
Self-citationEpidemiology of Alzheimer DiseasePreprint
Mayeux, R. P., & Stern, Y. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006239 · Cited by 1,127
Self-citationTwo Randomized Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab in Early Alzheimer's Disease
Budd Haeberlein, S., Aisen, P. S., Barkhof, F., Chalkias, S., Chen, T., Cohen, S., Dent, G., Hansson, O., Harrison, K., von Hehn, C., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2022.30 · Cited by 1,367
Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations of the International Working Group
Dubois, B., Villain, N., Frisoni, G. B., Rabinovici, G. D., Sabbagh, M., Cappa, S., Bejanin, A., Bombois, S., Epelbaum, S., Teichmann, M., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00066-1 · Cited by 1,051
Plasma phospholipids identify antecedent memory impairment in older adults
Mapstone, M. E., Cheema, A. K., Fiandaca, M. S., Zhong, X., Mhyre, T. R., MacArthur, L. H., Hall, W. J., Fisher, S. G., Peterson, D. R., Haley, J. M., et al. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3466 · Cited by 1,060
Self-citationBiomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: current status and prospects for the future
Blennow, K., & Zetterberg, H. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12816 · Cited by 1,000
2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2014) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.02.001 · Cited by 1,064
Defining imaging biomarker cut points for brain aging and Alzheimer's disease
Jack, C. R., Wiste, H. J., Weigand, S. D., Therneau, T. M., Lowe, V. J., Knopman, D. S., Gunter, J. L., Senjem, M. L., Jones, D. T., Kantarci, K., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.08.005 · Cited by 931
Self-citationTau positron emission tomographic imaging in aging and early Alzheimer disease
Johnson, K. A., Schultz, A., Betensky, R. A., Becker, J. A., Sepulcre, J., Rentz, D., Mormino, E., Chhatwal, J., Amariglio, R., Papp, K., et al. (2016) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24546 · Cited by 986
Self-citation2012 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures Alzheimer's Association ∗
Thies, W. H., & Bleiler, L. (2012) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.02.001 · Cited by 1,014
Hsieh, S., Schubert, S., Hoon, C., Mioshi, E., & Hodges, J. R. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000351671 · Cited by 1,021
Single subject prediction of brain disorders in neuroimaging: Promises and pitfalls
Arbabshirani, M. R., Plis, S., Sui, J., & Calhoun, V. D. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.079 · Cited by 912
Evered, L. A., SILBERT, B., Ds, K., Scott, D. A., DeKosky, S. T., Rasmussen, L., Oh, E., Crosby, G., Berger, M. S., Eckenhoff, R. G., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.087 · Cited by 972
Blood-brain barrier opening in Alzheimer’s disease using MR-guided focused ultrasound
Lipsman, N., Meng, Y., Bethune, A. J., Huang, Y., Lam, B., Masellis, M., Herrmann, N., Heyn, C., Aubert, I., Boutet, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04529-6 · Cited by 950
Lecanemab: Appropriate Use Recommendations
Cummings, J., Apostolova, L., Rabinovici, G. D., Atri, A., Aisen, P., Greenberg, S., Hendrix, S., Selkoe, D., Weiner, M., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2023.30 · Cited by 961
Petersen, R. C. (2016) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000313 · Cited by 1,082
Association of Amyloid and Tau With Cognition in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Hanseeuw, B. J., Betensky, R. A., Jacobs, H. I. L., Schultz, A. P., Sepulcre, J., Becker, J. A., Cosio, D. M. O., Farrell, M., Quiroz, Y. T., Mormino, E. C., et al. (2019) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1424 · Cited by 865
Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Hugo, J., & Ganguli, M. (2014) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2014.04.001 · Cited by 990
Dementia in China: epidemiology, clinical management, and research advances
Jia, L., Quan, M., Fu, Y., Zhao, T., Li, Y., Wei, C., Tang, Y., Qin, Q., Wang, F., Qiao, Y., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30290-x · Cited by 875
Arévalo-Rodríguez, I., Smailagic, N., Figuls, M. R. I., Ciapponi, A., Sanchez-Perez, E., Giannakou, A., Pedraza, O. L., Bonfill, X., & Cullum, S. J. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010783.pub2 · Cited by 947
Brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s Disease and aging
Pini, L., Pievani, M., Bocchetta, M., Altomare, D., Bosco, P., Cavedo, E., Galluzzi, S., Marizzoni, M., & Frisoni, G. B. (2016) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.01.002 · Cited by 836
Parkinson's disease dementia: convergence of α-synuclein, tau and amyloid-β pathologies
Irwin, D. J., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2013) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3549 · Cited by 914
Overview and Findings from the Rush Memory and Aging Project
Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Buchman, A. S., Barnes, L. L., Boyle, P. A., & Wilson, R. S. (2012) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/156720512801322663 · Cited by 849
Ismail, Z., Smith, E. E., Geda, Y., Sultzer, D., Brodaty, H., Smith, G., Agüera‐Ortiz, L., Sweet, R., Miller, D., Lyketsos, C. G., et al. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.017 · Cited by 818
Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders: A VASCOG Statement
Sachdev, P., Kalaria, R., O’Brien, J., Skoog, I., Alladi, S., Black, S. E., Blacker, D., Blazer, D. G., Chen, C., Chui, H., et al. (2014) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000034 · Cited by 852
Self-citationClassification and Epidemiology of MCI
Roberts, R. O., & Knopman, D. S. (2013) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.003 · Cited by 908
Self-citationRecent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Khan, S., Barve, K. H., & Kumar, M. S. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200528142429 · Cited by 820
Advancing Research and Treatment for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ARTFL) investigators, Thijssen, E. H., La Joie, R., Wolf, A., Strom, A., Wang, P., Iaccarino, L., Bourakova, V., Cobigo, Y., Heuer, H., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0762-2 · Cited by 761
Creavin, S., Wisniewski, S., Noel-Storr, A. H., Trevelyan, C. M., Hampton, T., Rayment, D., Thom, V. M., Nash, K. J. E., Elhamoui, H., Milligan, R., et al. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011145.pub2 · Cited by 884
Hill, N. T. M., Mowszowski, L., Naismith, S. L., Chadwick, V. L., Valenzuela, M., & Lampit, A. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16030360 · Cited by 782
Fjell, A. M., McEvoy, L., Holland, D., Dale, A. M., & Walhovd, K. B. (2014) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.02.004 · Cited by 799
Hansson, O., Seibyl, J., Stomrud, E., Zetterberg, H., Trojanowski, J. Q., Bittner, T., Lifke, V., Corradini, V., Eichenlaub, U., Batrla, R., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.010 · Cited by 808
López, J. A., González, H. M., & Léger, G. C. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00013-3 · Cited by 887
The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives
Swerdlow, R. H., Burns, J. M., & Khan, S. M. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.010 · Cited by 786
“To better unify and reconcile clinical and amyloid cascade hypothesis-based perspectives, new AD definitions were recently proposed [18-20].”
Research criteria for the diagnosis of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
McKeith, I. G., Ferman, T. J., Thomas, A. J., Blanc, F., Boeve, B. F., Fujishiro, H., Kantarci, K., Muscio, C., O'Brien, J. T., Postuma, R. B., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009323 · Cited by 782
The case for rejecting the amyloid cascade hypothesis
Herrup, K. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4017 · Cited by 768
Impact of multiple pathologies on the threshold for clinically overt dementia
Kapasi, A., DeCarli, C., & Schneider, J. A. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1717-7 · Cited by 739
Bridel, C., van Wieringen, W. N., Zetterberg, H., Tijms, B. M., Teunissen, C. E., and the NFL Group, Alvarez-Cermeño, J. C., Andreasson, U., Axelsson, M., Bäckström, D. C., et al. (2019) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1534 · Cited by 764
Plasma p-tau231: a new biomarker for incipient Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
Ashton, N. J., Pascoal, T. A., Karikari, T. K., Benedet, A. L., Lantero-Rodriguez, J., Brinkmalm, G., Snellman, A., Schöll, M., Troakes, C., Hye, A., et al. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02275-6 · Cited by 719
Webster, S. J., Bachstetter, A. D., Nelson, P. T., Schmitt, F. A., & Van Eldik, L. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00088 · Cited by 755
“Once the AD patient progresses past MCI and into dementia, general cognition continues to decline with deficits appearing in all respective cognitive domains (Huff et al., 1987; Locascio et al., 1995; Lambon Ralph et al., 2003; Mckhann et al., 2011).”
BackgroundClinical practice guideline: tinnitus
Tunkel, D. E., Bauer, C. A., Sun, G. H., Rosenfeld, R. M., Chandrasekhar, S. S., Cunningham, E. R., Archer, S. M., Blakley, B. W., Carter, J. M., Granieri, E. C., et al. (2014) · Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1177/0194599814545325 · Cited by 769
Tau pathology and neurodegeneration contribute to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease
Bejanin, A., Schonhaut, D. R., La Joie, R., Kramer, J. H., Baker, S. L., Sosa, N., Ayakta, N., Cantwell, A., Janabi, M., Lauriola, M., et al. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx243 · Cited by 778
Bondi, M. W., Initiative, F. T. A. D. N., Edmonds, E. C., Jak, A. J., Clark, L. R., Delano-Wood, L., McDonald, C. R., Nation, D. A., Libon, D. J., Au, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140276 · Cited by 772
Metadata
- Authors
- McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., Mohs, R. C., Morris, J. C., Rossor, M. N., Scheltens, P., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., Weintraub, S., & Phelps, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Alzheimer's Association Chicago IL USA
- Alzheimer's Association (US)
- Department of Psychiatry Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- McKhann, Guy M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04-22
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 263-269
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC3312024
- OpenAlex
- W2115017507
- Semantic Scholar
- 37d2d04f8c09da1f0cf8434a38a51841b5b703bf
- Cited by
- 18,657
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 893 · 2025: 1313 · 2024: 1585 · 2023: 1543 · 2022: 1670 · 2021: 1796 · 2020: 1602 · 2019: 1448 · 2018: 1297 · 2017: 1200 · 2016: 1088 · 2015: 1062 · 2014: 794 · 2013: 715 · 2012: 491
- FWCI
- 471.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- Forest Pharmaceuticals
- Alzheimer's Association
- Fidelity Biosciences
- Baxter International
- Pfizer
- Johnson and Johnson
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals
- GE Healthcare
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, dementia diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Societies, Medical, United States, Biomarkers, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Disease Progression, National Institute on Aging (U.S.)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
