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Experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment for studying the daily lives of patients with anxiety disorders: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent. Symptoms may occur unpredictably (e.g., panic attacks) or predictably in specific situations (e.g., social phobia). Consequently, it may be difficult to assess anxiety and related constructs realistically in the laboratory or by traditional retrospective questionnaires. Experience sampling methods (ESM) and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can deepen the understanding of the course of anxiety disorders by frequently assessing symptoms and other variables in the natural environment. We review 34 ESM/EMA studies on adult panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as anxiety disorders in youth. Benefits of ESM/EMA for the study of anxiety disorders include generating insight into the temporal variability of symptoms and into the associations among daily affect, behaviors, and situational cues. Further, ESM/EMA has been successfully combined with ambulatory assessment of physiological variables and with treatment evaluations. We provide suggestions for future research, as well as for clinical applications.
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“There are reviews on ESM/EMA studies on major depressive disorder [47], psychotic disorders [48], substance use disorders [49], anxiety disorders [50], and eating disorders [51].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Walz, L. C., Nauta, M. H., & aan het Rot, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 925-937
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094057723
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.rug.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- ecological momentary assessment, anxiety disorders, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, youth anxiety disorders, treatment evaluation, everyday life
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Panic Disorder
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