The DOI matches its Crossref record; 156 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: design of efficacious and safe protocols
Abstract
The physical basis for electrical stimulation of excitable tissue, as used by electrophysiological researchers and clinicians in functional electrical stimulation, is presented with emphasis on the fundamental mechanisms of charge injection at the electrode/tissue interface. Faradaic and non-Faradaic charge transfer mechanisms are presented and contrasted. An electrical model of the electrode/tissue interface is given. The physical basis for the origin of electrode potentials is given. Various methods of controlling charge delivery during pulsing are presented. Electrochemical reversibility is discussed. Commonly used electrode materials and stimulation protocols are reviewed in terms of stimulation efficacy and safety. Principles of stimulation of excitable tissue are reviewed with emphasis on efficacy and safety. Mechanisms of damage to tissue and the electrode are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For instance, all data used in this study to fit and validate the model used symmetric, biphasic pulse trains, while other pulse shapes might lead to different neural or behavioral responses (Merrill et al., 2005).”
From Towards biologically plausible phosphene simulation for the differentiable optimization of visual cortical prostheses (2024) · cites this paper as Merrill et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“A critical aspect of electrical stimulation is its higher level of safety risk compared to recording electrical activity, which can result in both electrode and tissue damage.”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Merrill et al. noted that a narrow pulse is desirable to decrease occurrence of electrochemical reactions, and therefore reduce electrode degradation [2].”
From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“In terms of electrode corrosion, however, slightly unbalanced biphasic pulses might be advantageous [2, 77].”
From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Charge injection at an electrode occurs through capacitive charge transfer, with no electron transfer across the electrodeelectrolyte interface, and Faradaic charge transfer, where electron transfer and reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions occur [101], [114].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“To minimise potentially toxic redox reaction products, biphasic stimulation reverses the charge injection in a second phase of a stimulation pulse aiming to reverse Faradaic reactions.”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“Faradaic reactions where products are not available for the reverse reaction are not reversed, for example hydrolysis of water or 'water window' which places safety limits on electrode-electrolyte interface potentials [101].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“In a biphasic pulse neuron activation occurs at a lower threshold for cathodic (sink) currents [101], [119], compared to positive anodic (source) currents.”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“Typical stimulation pulse widths range up to a few hundred μs , and current amplitudes vary from tens of μA to a few mA in peripheral nerve interfaces [9], [101].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [101]
Citations
Cites
Hodgkin, A. L., & Huxley, A. F. (1952) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004764 · Cited by 23,191
Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology.
Moncada, S., Palmer, R. M., & Higgs, E. A. (1991) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06663-3 · Cited by 15,525
(1982) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(82)90076-5 · Cited by 9,150
Bliss, T. V. P., & Gardner-Medwin, A. R. (1973) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010274 · Cited by 7,424
Ionic channels of excitable membranes
(1985) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(85)90172-7 · Cited by 7,134
Beckman, J. S., Beckman, T. W., Chen, J., Marshall, P. A., & Freeman, B. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620 · Cited by 7,029
The Electrical Double Layer and the Theory of Electrocapillarity.
Grahame, D. C. (1947) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr60130a002 · Cited by 3,324
Inhibition of Cell Division in Escherichia coli by Electrolysis Products from a Platinum Electrode
Rosenberg, B., Camp, L. V., & Krigas, T. (1965) · Nature · doi:10.1038/205698a0 · Cited by 3,052
Reactive Oxygen Species and the Central Nervous System
Halliwell, B. (1992) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10990.x · Cited by 2,947
(1981) · Handbook of exploration geochemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-41930-9.50014-3 · Cited by 2,903
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 159 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Bhargava A. Long-term effects of quasi-trapezoidal pulses on the structure and function of sacral anterior roots. M.S. thesis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 1993.
- Guoy, 1910, Constitution of the electric charge at the surface of an electrolyte, J Physique, 9, 457
- Kennedy, 1999, Neural activity during acquisition of cursor control in a locked-in patient, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 25, 894
- Rall, 1977, vol.1/part 1
- Sevanian, 1988, Lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, and phospholipase A2 action: cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, CRC Rev., II, 77
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,003
Kunori, N., & Takashima, I. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146318 · Cited by 15
Novikov, A. A., Goding, J. A., Chapman, C. A. R., Cuttaz, E. A., & Green, R. A. (2020) · APL Materials · doi:10.1063/5.0005410 · Cited by 16
Use of Bioelectronics in the Gastrointestinal TractPreprint
Miller, L. S., Farajidavar, A., & Vegesna, A. K. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a034165 · Cited by 15
High-frequency electrical stimulation of cardiac cells and application to artifact reduction.
Dura, B., Chen, M. Q., Inan, O. T., Kovacs, G. T. A., & Giovangrandi, L. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2012.2188136 · Cited by 15
van Dongen, M. N., Hoebeek, F. E., Koekkoek, S. K. E., De Zeeuw, C. I., & Serdijn, W. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroengineering · doi:10.3389/fneng.2015.00002 · Cited by 15
Mikkelsen, R., Andreasen, M. M., & Nedergaard, S. (2013) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00887.2012 · Cited by 15
Stimulation and Recording of the Hippocampus Using the Same Pt-Ir Coated Microelectrodes
Elyahoodayan, S., Jiang, W., Lee, C. D., Shao, X., Weiland, G. A., Whalen, J. J., Petrossians, A., & Song, D. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.616063 · Cited by 15
Habelt, B., Wirth, C., Afanasenkau, D., Mihaylova, L. S., Winter, C., Arvaneh, M., Minev, I. R., & Bernhardt, N. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.770274 · Cited by 17
Schneider, T., Filip, J., Soares, S. D. S., Sohns, K., Carr, R. W., Rukwied, R., & Schmelz, M. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.009 · Cited by 15
Doering, M., Kieninger, J., Kübler, J., Hofmann, U., Rupitsch, S. J., Urban, G. A., & Weltin, A. (2023) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/acdd9d · Cited by 15
Sivanesan, E., North, R. B., Russo, M. A., Levy, R. M., Linderoth, B., Hayek, S. M., Eldabe, S. S., & Lempka, S. F. (2023) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2023.10.004 · Cited by 15
Katebi, M., Erfanian, A., Karami, M. A., & Sawan, M. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432611 · Cited by 16
van Boxel, S. C. J., Vermorken, B. L., Volpe, B., Guinand, N., Fornos, A. P., Devocht, E. M. J., & van de Berg, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1483067 · Cited by 15
Widman, A. J., Bashar, T., Burton, A., Clausen, D. M., Gupta, P., Wolf, D. K., Folarin‐Hines, J., Payne, M., Rogers, J. A., Meacham, K., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202415963 · Cited by 15
Aliuos, P., Fadeeva, E., Badar, M., Winkel, A., Mueller, P. P., Warnecke, A., Chichkov, B. N., Lenarz, T., Reich, U., & Reuter, G. (2012) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.34401 · Cited by 15
Chen, C.-F., Chen, W., Chou, L., Chang, Y., Chen, S.-C., Kuo, T., & Lai, J. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2012.2188305 · Cited by 15
Multielectrode and Multitransistor Arrays for In Vivo Recording
Vassanelli, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8038-0_8 · Cited by 15
An Ultrasonically Powered and Controlled Ultra-High-Frequency Biphasic Electrical Neurostimulator
Tacchetti, L., Serdijn, W. A., & Giagka, V. (2018) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2018.8584718 · Cited by 15
Abad, L., Rajnicek, A. M., & Casañ-Pastor, N. (2019) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.149 · Cited by 15
Robles, U. A. A., Enke, Y. L., Carter, P. M., Green, R. A., & Poole-Warren, L. A. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.2989754 · Cited by 15
Mani, N., Ahnood, A., Peng, D., Tong, W., Booth, M. A., Jones, A., Murdoch, B. J., Tran, N. L., Houshyar, S., & Fox, K. E. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c07318 · Cited by 15
Dai, Y., Mu, J., & Zhou, F. (2021) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2204125 · Cited by 15
Electroencephalography, electrocorticography, and cortical stimulation techniques
Simon, M. V., Nuwer, M. R., & Szelényi, A. (2022) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819826-1.00001-6 · Cited by 15
Histopathology of the stimulated Vagus nerve: primum non nocere
Cohen, M. L., & Georgievskaya, Z. (2010) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-010-9182-6 · Cited by 14
Lehmkuhle, M. J., Mayes, S. M., & Kipke, D. R. (2010) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/7/3/036006 · Cited by 15
Design of Charge-Balanced Time-Optimal Stimuli for Spiking Neuron Oscillators
Dasanayake, I., & Li, J.-S. (2014) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_00643 · Cited by 15
Malbert, C., Bobillier, É., Picq, C. A., Divoux, J., Guiraud, D., & Henry, C. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.04.126 · Cited by 15
Neurovascular coupling during deep brain stimulation
Noor, M. S., Yu, L., Murari, K., & Kiss, Z. H. T. (2020) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.03.005 · Cited by 15
A Study on Biocompatible Polymer-Based Packaging of Neural Interface for Chronic Implantation
Park, H., Choi, W., Oh, S.-H., Kim, Y.-J., Seok, S., & Kim, J. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13040516 · Cited by 15
Kaczmarek, P., Huber, J., Lisiński, P., Witkowska, A., & Kasiński, A. (2009) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00759.x · Cited by 15
Patil, S. S., Bhosale, A. G., Ambole, Y. V., Dongale, T. D., Patil, V. L., Mali, S. S., & Vanalakar, S. A. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.113904 · Cited by 14
A Neurostimulator IC With Impedance-Aware Dynamic-Precision One-Shot Charge Balancing
Eshaghi, F., Moeinfard, T., Najafiaghdam, E., & Kassiri, H. (2021) · IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters · doi:10.1109/lssc.2021.3124190 · Cited by 14
Skidmore, J., Ramekers, D., Bruce, I. C., & He, S. (2022) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2022.108643 · Cited by 14
3D conductive material strategies for modulating and monitoring cells
Li, X., Mao, M., Han, K., Yao, C., Gu, B., He, J., & Li, D. (2022) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101041 · Cited by 14
Landi, G., Pagano, S., Granata, V., Avallone, G., Notte, L. L., Palma, A. L., Sdringola, P., Puglisi, G., & Barone, C. (2024) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano14030283 · Cited by 14
Wireless control of nerve growth using bipolar electrodes: a new paradigm in electrostimulation
Rajnicek, A. M., & Casañ-Pastor, N. (2024) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d3bm01946b · Cited by 14
Balamur, R., Oh, J. T., Karatum, O., Wang, Y., Önal, A., Kaleli, H. N., Pehlivan, Ç., Şahin, A., Hasanreisoğlu, M., Konstantatos, G., et al. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c01964 · Cited by 14
Using neural biomarkers to personalize dosing of vagus nerve stimulation
Berthon, A., Wernisch, L., Stoukidi, M., Thornton, M., Tessier-Lariviere, O., Fortier-Poisson, P., Mamen, J., Pinkney, M., Lee, S., Sarkans, E., et al. (2024) · Bioelectronic Medicine · doi:10.1186/s42234-024-00147-4 · Cited by 13
You, Y., Tian, R., Zhang, Y., Chen, Z., Lu, W., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3505059 · Cited by 14
Kim, T., Iseri, E., Peng, M. G., Medvidovic, S., Silliman, T., Pahlavan, P., Niu, G., Huang, C. Y., Simonyan, A., Pahnahad, J., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0315562 · Cited by 16
Electronic Interfacing with Living Cells
Fleming, J. T. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/10_2009_5 · Cited by 14
A simple and precise charge balancing method for voltage mode stimulation
Ranjandish, R., & Shoaei, O. (2014) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2014.6981741 · Cited by 14
Mapping of bionic array electric field focusing in plasmid DNA-based gene electrotransfer
Browne, C. J., Pinyon, J. L., Housley, D. M., Crawford, E. N., Lovell, N. H., Klugmann, M., & Housley, G. D. (2016) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2016.8 · Cited by 14
Prognostic Values of Motor Evoked Potentials in Insular, Precental, or Postcentral Resections
Boëx, C., Haemmerli, J., Momjian, S., & Schaller, K. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0000000000000227 · Cited by 14
Devecıoğlu, İ., & Güçlü, B. (2016) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/14/1/016010 · Cited by 14
Phielipp, N. M., Saha, U., Sankar, T., Yugeta, A., & Chen, R. E. (2017) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.01.021 · Cited by 15
Boyer, A., Duffau, H., Vincent, M., Ramdani, S., Mandonnet, E., Guiraud, D., & Bonnetblanc, F. (2018) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512733 · Cited by 15
Davis, B. N. J., Yen, R., Prasad, V., & Truskey, G. A. (2019) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/1.5093417 · Cited by 14
Petkos, K., Guiho, T., Degenaar, P. A., Jackson, A., Brown, P., Denison, T., & Drakakis, E. M. (2019) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab2610 · Cited by 14
Bidirectional optical neuromodulation using capacitive charge-transfer
Melikov, R., Srivastava, S. B., Karatum, O., Dogru-Yuksel, I. B., Dikbas, U. M., Kavaklı, İ. H., & Nizamoğlu, S. (2020) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.399755 · Cited by 14
Visual cortical prosthesis: an electrical perspective
Pio‐Lopez, L., Poulkouras, R., & Depannemaecker, D. (2021) · Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1080/03091902.2021.1907468 · Cited by 15
Cho, J., Seong, G., Chang, Y., & Kim, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.667447 · Cited by 18
Li, L., Li, G., Cao, Y., & Duan, Y. Y. (2021) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano11081962 · Cited by 14
Troughton, J. G., Snr, Y. O. A., Duobaite, N., & Proctor, C. M. (2023) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0163264 · Cited by 14
A neuron model of stochastic resonance using rectangular pulse trains
Danziger, Z. C., & Grill, W. M. (2014) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s10827-014-0526-4 · Cited by 14
Gil, K., Bugajski, A. J., Kurnik‐Łucka, M., & Thor, P. J. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical perfusion in response to thalamic deep brain stimulation
Noor, M. S., Murari, K., McCracken, C. B., & Kiss, Z. H. T. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.017 · Cited by 14
Efficacy of supra-choroidal, bipolar, electrical stimulation in a vision prosthesis
Wong, Y. T., Chen, S. C., Kerdraon, Y., Allen, P. J., McCombe, M. F., Morley, J. W., Lovell, N. H., & Suaning, G. J. (2008) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2008.4649525 · Cited by 14
Dali, M., Picq, C. A., Rossel, O., Maciejasz, P., Malbert, C., & Guiraud, D. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.02.017 · Cited by 15
Drebitz, E., Rausch, L.-P., & Kreiter, A. K. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108549 · Cited by 14
Crétallaz, C., Boutabla, A., Cavuscens, S., Ranieri, M., Nguyen, T. A. K., Kingma, H., van de Berg, R., Guinand, N., & Fornos, A. P. (2020) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab8342 · Cited by 14
Optimizing the neuron-electrode interface for chronic bioelectronic interfacing
Keogh, C. (2020) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2020.4.focus20178 · Cited by 14
Gunning, D. E., Beggs, J. M., Dąbrowski, W., Hottowy, P., Kenney, C. J., Sher, A., Litke, A. M., & Mathieson, K. (2012) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/1/016007 · Cited by 14
A closed-loop wireless homecage for optogenetic stimulation experiments
Jia, Y., Wang, Z., Mirbozorgi, S. A., & Ghovanloo, M. (2015) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2015.7348392 · Cited by 14
NeuroBus - Architecture for an Ultra-Flexible Neural Interface
Sporer, M., Vasilaş, I.-G., Adžemović, A., Graber, N., Reich, S., Gueli, C., Eickenscheidt, M., Diester, I., Stieglitz, T., & Ortmanns, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2024.3354785 · Cited by 13
Equalization for intracortical microstimulation artifact reduction.
Chu, P., Muller, R., Koralek, A., Carmena, J. M., Rabaey, J. M., & Gambini, S. (2013) · 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6609483 · Cited by 13
A 4-Channel Neural Stimulation IC Design With Charge Balancing and Multiple Current Output Modes
Li, J., Chen, W., Liu, X., Wan, P., & Chen, Z. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3316969 · Cited by 13
Ultrasound-driven triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators in biomedical application
Kao, F., Hung, S.-F., Yang, C.-C., Parashar, P., Huang, C.-J., Hsieh, M.-K., Liao, J., Lai, P., Fu, T., Tsai, T., et al. (2024) · Journal of Physics Energy · doi:10.1088/2515-7655/ad307c · Cited by 13
Pulsatile electrical stimulation creates predictable, correctable disruptions in neural firing
Steinhardt, C. R., Mitchell, D. E., Cullen, K. E., & Fridman, G. Y. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49900-y · Cited by 13
Song, X., Li, R., Chu, X., Li, Q., Li, R., Li, Q., Tong, R. K., Gu, X., & Ming, D. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00641 · Cited by 14
Monolithic Biohybrid Flexure Mechanism Actuated by Bioengineered Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Bartolucci, A., Fuentes, J., Guarnera, D., Lezcano, M. F., Crespo‐Cuadrado, M., Guachi‐Guachi, L., Iacoponi, F., Salvatori, C., Collu, R., Barbaro, M., et al. (2025) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202400989 · Cited by 13
Ghane-Motlagh, B., Choueib, M., Mesgar, A. H., Hasanuzzaman, M., & Sawan, M. (2016) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi7090163 · Cited by 13
Electrodes for Biopotential Recording and Tissue Stimulation
Button, V. L. D. S. N. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800774-7.00002-7 · Cited by 13
Xiao, G., Song, Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Xing, Y., Wang, M., & Cai, X. (2019) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.9b00541 · Cited by 13
Extending Randles’s Battery Model to Predict Impedance, Charge–Voltage, and Runtime Characteristics
Hasan, R., & Scott, J. B. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992771 · Cited by 13
Sputtered ruthenium oxide coatings for neural stimulation and recording electrodes
Chakraborty, B., Joshi‐Imre, A., Maeng, J., & Cogan, S. F. (2020) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.34728 · Cited by 14
The impact of synchronous versus asynchronous electrical stimulation in artificial vision
Moleirinho, S., Whalen, A. J., Fried, S. I., & Pezaris, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abecf1 · Cited by 14
A 24-Channel Neurostimulator IC with One-Shot Impedance-Adaptive Channel-Specific Charge Balancing
Eshaghi, F., Aghdam, E. N., & Kassiri, H. (2021) · Custom Integrated Circuits Conference · doi:10.1109/cicc51472.2021.9431418 · Cited by 13
Eshaghi, F., Najafiaghdam, E., & Kassiri, H. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3094766 · Cited by 13
IC-Based Neuro-Stimulation Environment for Arbitrary Waveform Generation
Kölbl, F., Bornat, Y., Castelli, J., Regnacq, L., N’Kaoua, G., Renaud, S., & Lewis, N. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10151867 · Cited by 13
Nimbalkar, S., Samejima, S., Dang, V., Hunt, T., Nunez, O., Moritz, C. T., & Kassegne, S. (2021) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac245a · Cited by 13
Magneto‐Optogenetic Deep‐Brain Multimodal Neurostimulation
Walton, F., McGlynn, E., Das, R., Zhong, H., Heidari, H., & Degenaar, P. A. (2021) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202100082 · Cited by 13
Perspective Chapter: Tissue-Electronics Interfaces
Seyedkhani, S. A., & Mohammadpour, R. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108129 · Cited by 13
Suematsu, N., Vazquez, A. L., & Kozai, T. D. Y. (2024) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ad3853 · Cited by 12
Suaning, G. J., Lavoie, P., Forrester, J. S., Armitage, T., & Lovell, N. H. (2006) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.259634 · Cited by 13
Implantable Neural Stimulators
Peckham, P. H., & Ackermann, D. M. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374248-3.00019-7 · Cited by 13
In Vivo Measurements With Robust Silicon-Based Multielectrode Arrays With Extreme Shaft Lengths
Márton, G., Fekete, Z., Fiáth, R., Baracskay, P., Ulbert, I., Juhász, G. D., Battistig, G., & Pongracz, A. (2013) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2013.2260325 · Cited by 13
Investigation of a New Electrode Array Technology for a Central Auditory Prosthesis
Calixto, R., Salamat, B., Rode, T., Hartmann, T., Volckaerts, B., Ruther, P., Lenarz, T., & Lim, H. H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082148 · Cited by 13
Comparative assessment of iridium oxide and platinum alloy wires using an in vitro glial scar assay
Ereifej, E. S., Khan, S. P., Newaz, G. M., Zhang, J., Auner, G. W., & VandeVord, P. J. (2013) · Biomedical Microdevices · doi:10.1007/s10544-013-9780-x · Cited by 16
Electrical stimulation for cortical mapping reduces the density of high frequency oscillations
Jacobs, J., Golla, T., Mader, M., Schelter, B. O., Dümpelmann, M., Korinthenberg, R., & Schulze‐Bonhage, A. (2014) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.022 · Cited by 13
Kowalski, K. E., Kowalski, T. J., & DiMarco, A. F. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.05.002 · Cited by 13
Model-guided control of hippocampal discharges by local direct current stimulation
Mina, F., Modolo, J., Recher, F., Dieuset, G., Biraben, A., Benquet, P., & Wendling, F. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01867-1 · Cited by 13
Luna, J. L. V., Krenn, M. J., Mayr, W., & Ramírez, J. A. C. (2017) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1111/aor.12921 · Cited by 13
A power‐efficient current‐mode neural/muscular stimulator design for peripheral nerve prosthesis
Liu, X., Yao, L., Ng, K. A., Li, P., Wang, W., Je, M., & Xu, Y. P. (2017) · International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications · doi:10.1002/cta.2434 · Cited by 13
Wong, Y. T., Ahnood, A., Maturana, M. I., Kentler, W. G., Ganesan, K., Grayden, D. B., Hamish Meffin, A., Prawer, S., Ibbotson, M. R., & Burkitt, A. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2018.00085 · Cited by 14
Rhythmic modulation of thalamic oscillations depends on intrinsic cellular dynamics
Li, G., Henriquez, C. S., & Frӧhlich, F. (2018) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aaeb03 · Cited by 13
Influence of In Vitro Electrical Stimulation on Survival of Spiral Ganglion Neurons
Peter, M. N., Warnecke, A., Reich, U., Olze, H., Szczepek, A. J., Lenarz, T., & Paasche, G. (2019) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00017-x · Cited by 13
Bong, J., Ness, J. P., Zeng, W., Kim, H., Novello, J., Pisaniello, J. A., Lake, W. B., Ludwig, K. A., Williams, J. C., Ma, Z., et al. (2019) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2019.111493 · Cited by 13
Torres-Martinez, N., Ratel, D., Crétallaz, C., Gaude, C., Maubert, S., Divoux, J., Henry, C., Guiraud, D., & Sauter-Starace, F. (2019) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab3836 · Cited by 14
A RISC-V Based Medical Implantable SoC for High Voltage and Current Tissue Stimulus
Arnaud, A., Miguez, M. R., Gak, J., Puyol, R., García-Ramírez, R., Solera-Bolanos, E., Castro-González, R., Molina-Robles, R. C., Chacón-Rodríguez, A., & Rímolo-Donadío, R. (2020) · IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS) · doi:10.1109/lascas45839.2020.9068969 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Merrill, D. R., Bikson, M., & Jefferys, J. G. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- City College of New York (US)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Merrill, Daniel R.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 171-198
- ISSN
- 0165-0270 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2153787766
- Cited by
- 2,078
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 100 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 163 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 109 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5f32ns045454-03)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (5F32NS045454)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Electrochemistry › Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- functional electrical stimulation, electrode-tissue interface, charge injection, Faradaic charge transfer, electrode potential, electrochemical reversibility, stimulation protocols, stimulation safety, tissue damage mechanisms, electrode damage, electrode materials
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biomedical Engineering, Electric Stimulation, Electrochemistry, Electrodes, Electrolytes, Electrophysiology, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Equipment Design, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
