Cited by 330Diabetes Management and EducationDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiac Health and Mental Health

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The role of depression and anxiety in onset of diabetes in a large population-based study

Engum, Anne·2007·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.07.009

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Abstract

Objective Recent research has shown that depression may predict incident diabetes. The aims of the study are to investigate if symptoms of depression and anxiety precede the onset of diabetes or vice versa and to examine if mediating factors may explain such associations. Methods A prospective population-based study (N=37,291) investigating the associations between symptoms of depression/anxiety and diabetes was conducted. Results Individuals reporting symptoms of depression and anxiety at baseline had increased risk of onset of type 2 diabetes at 10-year follow-up. No gender differences were found. The analyses did not reveal underlying factors that mediated the association. Baseline diagnosis of diabetes was not associated with subsequent symptoms of anxiety or depression among males or females. Conclusion Diabetes did not predict symptoms of depression or anxiety. Symptoms of depression and anxiety emerged as significant risk factors for onset of type 2 diabetes independent of established risk factors for diabetes, such as socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, and markers of the metabolic syndrome. The comorbidity between depression and anxiety may be the most important factor.

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“Altered activities in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis with cortisol elevations during depressive episodes, which affect approximately half of all patients [18], may also increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.”
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Authors: Engum, A.
Affiliations: Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
Corresponding author: Engum, Anne
ORCID: Engum, Anne
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-01
Volume: 62
Issue: 1
Pages: 31-38
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.07.009
OpenAlex: W2082437852
Cited by: 330
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 9.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords: depression, anxiety, type 2 diabetes, diabetes onset, incident diabetes risk, comorbid depression and anxiety, mediation, psychosocial risk factors, metabolic syndrome
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Prospective Studies, Statistics as Topic, Comorbidity, Metabolic Syndrome

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The role of depression and anxiety in onset of diabetes in a large population-based study

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