The health benefits of dietary fiber: beyond the usual suspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and colon cancer
Open accessAbstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is deemed to be a key component in healthy eating. DF is not a static collection of undigestible plant materials that pass untouched or unencumbered through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; instead, DFs are a vast array of complex saccharide-based molecules that can bind potential nutrients and nutrient precursors to prevent their absorption. Some DFs are fermentable, and the GI tract catabolism leads to the generation of various bioactive materials, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), that can markedly augment the GI tract biomass and change the composition of the GI tract flora. The health benefits of DFs include the prevention and mitigation of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colon cancer. By modulating food ingestion, digestion, absorption and metabolism, DFs reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Emerging research has begun to investigate the role of DFs in immunomodulation. If substantiated, DFs could facilitate many biologic processes, including infection prevention and the improvement of mood and memory. This review describes the accepted physiologic functions of DFs and explores their new potential immune-based actions.
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Increased intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk for developing metabolic diseases, possibly by changing gut microbiome composition and diversity with increased production of SCFAs.
“Further, epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that increased intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk for developing metabolic diseases (188–190), possibly by changing gut microbiome composition and diversity with increased production of SCFAs (187–189).”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [188]
The Introduction states that dietary fiber decreases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and proposes that changes in gut bacterial composition may affect metabolism through SCFA production (page not provided). The Defining dietary fiber section also describes shifts in microbial populations and fiber fermentation to SCFAs. The passages do not establish a change in microbiome diversity, so that part of the proposed mechanism is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Kaczmarczyk, M. M., Miller, M. J., & Freund, G. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Freund, Gregory G.
- Venue
- Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1058-1066
- ISSN
- 0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3399949
- OpenAlex
- W1979294030
- Semantic Scholar
- 31881d1bd64c7056740933ddb979d97c8e2f14cc
- Cited by
- 554
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA019357, RC1AA019357)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK064862, DK 064862)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS058525, NS058525)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- dietary fiber, short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, immunomodulation, gut fermentation, mood and memory
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cognition, Colonic Neoplasms, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Digestion, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases, Immunity, Inflammation, Intestinal Absorption, Memory, Obesity, Lipid Peroxidation, Body Mass Index, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Gastrointestinal Tract, Dyslipidemias
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