Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development
Open accessAbstract
Neuronal synapse formation and remodeling are essential to central nervous system (CNS) development and are dysfunctional in neurodevelopmental diseases. Innate immune signals regulate tissue remodeling in the periphery, but how this affects CNS synapses is largely unknown. Here, we show that the interleukin-1 family cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) is produced by developing astrocytes and is developmentally required for normal synapse numbers and neural circuit function in the spinal cord and thalamus. We find that IL-33 signals primarily to microglia under physiologic conditions, that it promotes microglial synapse engulfment, and that it can drive microglial-dependent synapse depletion in vivo. These data reveal a cytokine-mediated mechanism required to maintain synapse homeostasis during CNS development.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many of the genes observed to be upregulated during aging, such as interleukins and complement proteins, have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating neural circuit organization and function via interactions between neurons and non-neuronal cells during development.
“Many of the genes that we observed to be upregulated during aging, such as interleukins and complement proteins, have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating neural circuit organization and function via interactions between neurons and non-neuronal cells during development.54,61”
From Molecular and spatial signatures of mouse brain aging at single-cell resolution (2023) · cites this paper as [54]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 · Cited by 95,106 · see citing works
HTSeq—a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data
Anders, S., Pyl, P. T., & Huber, W. (2015) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu638 · Cited by 21,464 · see citing works
Trapnell, C., Williams, B. A., Pertea, G., Mortazavi, A., Kwan, G., van Baren, M. J., Salzberg, S. L., Wold, B. J., & Pachter, L. (2010) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1621 · Cited by 15,556 · see citing works
Kim, D., Pertea, G., Trapnell, C., Pimentel, H., Kelley, R., & Salzberg, S. L. (2013) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-4-r36 · Cited by 12,668 · see citing works
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971 · see citing works
Self-citationSynaptic Pruning by Microglia Is Necessary for Normal Brain Development
Paolicelli, R. C., Bolasco, G., Pagani, F., Maggi, L., Scianni, M., Panzanelli, P., Giustetto, M., Ferreira, T. A., Guiducci, E., Dumas, L., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1202529 · Cited by 4,244 · see citing works
Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner
Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Classical Complement Cascade Mediates CNS Synapse Elimination
Stevens, B., Allen, N. J., Vazquez, L. E., Howell, G. R., Christopherson, K. S., Nouri, N., Micheva, K. D., Mehalow, A. K., Huberman, A. D., Stafford, B., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.036 · Cited by 3,313 · see citing works
Self-citationFate Mapping Reveals Origins and Dynamics of Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages under Homeostasis
Yona, S., Kim, K.-W., Wolf, Y., Mildner, A., Varol, D., Breker, M., Strauss-Ayali, D., Viukov, S., Guilliams, M., Misharin, A., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.12.001 · Cited by 3,245 · see citing works
Jung, S., Aliberti, J., Graemmel, P., Sunshine, M. J., Kreutzberg, G. W., Sher, A., & Littman, D. R. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.11.4106-4114.2000 · Cited by 2,632 · see citing works
Microglia promote learning-dependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Parkhurst, C. N., Yang, G., Ninan, I., Savas, J. N., Yates, J. R., Lafaille, J. J., Hempstead, B. L., Littman, D. R., & Gan, W.-B. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.030 · Cited by 2,599 · see citing works
Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4
Sekar, A., Bialas, A. R., de Rivera, H., Davis, A., Hammond, T. R., Kamitaki, N., Tooley, K., Presumey, J., Baum, M., Van Doren, V., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16549 · Cited by 2,394 · see citing works
A gene expression atlas of the central nervous system based on bacterial artificial chromosomes
Gong, S., Zheng, C., Doughty, M. L., Losos, K., Didkovsky, N., Schambra, U. B., Nowak, N. J., Joyner, A., Leblanc, G., Hatten, M. E., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02033 · Cited by 2,108 · see citing works
The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides
Haynes, S. E., Hollopeter, G., Yang, G., Kurpius, D., Dailey, M. E., Gan, W.-B., & Julius, D. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1805 · Cited by 1,542 · see citing works
Koch, M. (1999) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00098-7 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
The Ensembl gene annotation system
Aken, B., Ayling, S., Barrell, D., Clarke, L., Curwen, V., Fairley, S., Fernandez-Banet, J., Billis, K., Girón, C. G., Hourlier, T., et al. (2016) · Database J. Biol. Databases Curation · doi:10.1093/database/baw093 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Emerging roles of astrocytes in neural circuit development
Clarke, L. E., & Barres, B. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3484 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Identity of Human Outer Radial Glia during Cortical Development
Pollen, A. A., Nowakowski, T. J., Chen, J., Retallack, H., Sandoval-Espinosa, C., Nicholas, C. R., Shuga, J., Liu, S. J., Oldham, M. C., Diaz, A., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.004 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
The myeloid cells of the central nervous system parenchyma
Ransohoff, R. M., & Cardona, A. E. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09615 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Lui, H., Zhang, J., Makinson, S. R., Cahill, M. K., Kelley, K. W., Huang, H.-Y., Shang, Y., Oldham, M. C., Martens, L. H., Gao, F., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.001 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Self-citationStress, Inflammation, and Defense of Homeostasis
Chovatiya, R., & Medzhitov, R. (2014) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.030 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Astrocytes and disease: a neurodevelopmental perspective
Molofsky, A. V., Krenick, R., Ullian, E., Tsai, H.-H., Deneen, B., Richardson, W. D., Barres, B. A., & Rowitch, D. H. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.188326.112 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Self-citationhGFAP‐cre transgenic mice for manipulation of glial and neuronal function in vivo
Zhuo, L., Theis, M., Álvarez-Maya, I., Brenner, M., Willecke, K., & Messing, A. (2001) · genesis · doi:10.1002/gene.10008 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Microglia contact induces synapse formation in developing somatosensory cortex
Miyamoto, A., Wake, H., Ishikawa, A. W., Eto, K., Shibata, K., Murakoshi, H., Koizumi, S., Moorhouse, A. J., Yoshimura, Y., & Nabekura, J. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12540 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Interleukin-33 in tissue homeostasis, injury, and inflammation
Molofsky, A. B., Savage, A. K., & Locksley, R. M. (2015) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.006 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Self-citationPaz, J. T., Davidson, T. J., Frechette, E. S., Delord, B., Parada, I., Peng, K. K., Deisseroth, K. A., & Huguenard, J. R. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3269 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Self-citationSublime Microglia: Expanding Roles for the Guardians of the CNS
Salter, M. W., & Beggs, S. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.008 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Pichery, M., Mirey, E., Mercier, P., Lefrançais, E., Dujardin, A., Ortéga, N., & Girard, J. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1101977 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
A rapid Percoll gradient procedure for preparation of synaptosomes
Dunkley, P. R., Jarvie, P. E., & Robinson, P. J. (2008) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.171 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Restoration of Hearing in the VGLUT3 Knockout Mouse Using Virally Mediated Gene Therapy
Akil, O., Seal, R. P., Burke, K., Wang, C., Alemi, A. S., During, M. J., Edwards, R. H., & Lustig, L. R. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.019 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Self-citationIL-33 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline
Fu, A. K. Y., Hung, K.-W., Yuen, M. Y. F., Zhou, X., Mak, D. S. Y., Chan, I. C. W., Cheung, T. H., Zhang, B., Fu, W.-Y., Liew, F. Y., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1604032113 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Gadani, S. P., Walsh, J. T., Smirnov, I., Zheng, J., & Kipnis, J. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.013 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Untangling the brain’s neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative transcriptional responses
Srinivasan, K., Friedman, B. A., Larson, J. L., Lauffer, B. E., Goldstein, L. D., Appling, L. L., Borneo, J., Poon, C., Ho, T., Cai, F., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11295 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Connexin 30 sets synaptic strength by controlling astroglial synapse invasion
Pannasch, U., Freche, D., Dallérac, G. M., Ghézali, G., Escartin, C., Ezan, P., Cohen‐Salmon, M., Benchenane, K., Abudara, V., Dufour, A., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3662 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Return to homeostasis: downregulation of NF-κB responses
Ruland, J. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2055 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Astrocyte-encoded positional cues maintain sensorimotor circuit integrity
Molofsky, A. V., Kelley, K. W., Tsai, H., Redmond, S., Chang, S., Madireddy, L., Chan, J. R., Baranzini, S. E., Ullian, E. M., & Rowitch, D. H. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13161 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Self-citationDistinct roles for spontaneous and visual activity in remodeling of the retinogeniculate synapse
Hooks, B. M., & Chen, C. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.007 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Astrocytes Assemble Thalamocortical Synapses by Bridging NRX1α and NL1 via Hevin
Singh, S. K., Stogsdill, J. A., Pulimood, N. S., Dingsdale, H., Kim, Y. H., Pilaz, L., Kim, I. H., Manhães, A. C., Rodrigues, W. D. S., Pamukcu, A., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.034 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Motor Circuits in Action: Specification, Connectivity, and Function
Arber, S. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.011 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Hoshino, K., Kashiwamura, S., Kuribayashi, K., Kodama, T., Tsujimura, T., Nakanishi, K., Matsuyama, T., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.190.10.1541 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Astrocytes refine cortical connectivity at dendritic spines
Risher, W. C., Patel, S. S., Kim, I. H., Uezu, A., Bhagat, S., Wilton, D. K., Pilaz, L., Alvarado, J. S., Calhan, O. Y., Silver, D. L., et al. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.04047 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Myocardial pressure overload induces systemic inflammation through endothelial cell IL-33
Chen, W., Hong, J., Gannon, J., Kakkar, R. K., & Lee, R. T. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1424236112 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Pomeshchik, Y., Kidin, I., Korhonen, P., Savchenko, E., Jaronen, M., Lehtonen, Š., Wojciechowski, S., Kanninen, K. M., Koıstınaho, J., & Malm, T. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.08.002 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Bidirectional Control of Generalized Epilepsy Networks via Rapid Real-Time Switching of Firing Mode
Sorokin, J. M., Davidson, T. J., Frechette, E., Abramian, A. M., Deisseroth, K. A., Huguenard, J. R., & Paz, J. T. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.026 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationLuo, Y., Zhou, Y.-Q., Xiao, W., Liang, Z., Dai, J., Weng, X., & Wu, X. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Paz, J. T., Christian, C. A., Parada, I., Prince, D. A., & Huguenard, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5083-09.2010 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationIsolation of Microglia and Immune Infiltrates from Mouse and Primate Central Nervous System
Galatro, T. F. D. A., Vainchtein, I. D., Brouwer, N., Boddeke, E., & Eggen, B. J. L. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6786-5_23 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental expression of IL-33 in the mouse brain
Wicher, G., Husic, E., Nilsson, G. P., & Forsberg‐Nilsson, K. (2013) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.046 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets
Gao, C., Jiang, J., Tan, Y., & Chen, S. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0 · Cited by 1,616 · see citing works
Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases
Lee, H.-G., Wheeler, M. A., & Quintana, F. J. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00390-x · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Macrophages in health and disease
Park, M. D., Silvin, A., Ginhoux, F., & Merad, M. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.007 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Microglial Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix Promotes Synapse Plasticity
Nguyen, P. T., Dorman, L. C., Pan, S., Vainchtein, I. D., Han, R. T., Nakao-Inoue, H., Taloma, S. E., Barron, J. J., Molofsky, A. B., Kheirbek, M. A., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.050 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia and Central Nervous System–Associated Macrophages—From Origin to Disease Modulation
Prinz, M., Masuda, T., Wheeler, M. A., & Quintana, F. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-110159 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Interplay between innate immunity and Alzheimer disease: APOE and TREM2 in the spotlight
Shi, Y., & Holtzman, D. M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0051-1 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Molecular and spatial signatures of mouse brain aging at single-cell resolution
Allen, W. E., Blosser, T. R., Sullivan, Z. A., Dulac, C., & Zhuang, X. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.010 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
“In one scenario, the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine Il33 in aged oligodendrocytes may activate microglia through the Il33 receptor, which is known to be expressed in microglia.(54) In a second and potentially related model, excessive myelin degradation can induce activation of phagocytosing microglia…”
BackgroundMicroglia Require CD4 T Cells to Complete the Fetal-to-Adult Transition
Pasciuto, E., Burton, O. T., Roca, C. P., Lagou, V., Rajan, W. D., Theys, T., Mancuso, R., Tito, R. Y., Kouser, L., Callaerts-Vegh, Z., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.026 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Microglia Phenotypes in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Wendimu, M. Y., & Hooks, S. B. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11132091 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Neuron-glia signaling in synapse elimination
Wilton, D. K., Dissing-Olesen, L., & Stevens, B. (2019) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050306 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain
Jurga, A. M., Paleczna, M., Kadluczka, J., & Kuter, K. Z. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11091361 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Bi, D., Wen, L., Wu, Z., & Shen, Y. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12088 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Intersection of pathological tau and microglia at the synapse
Vogels, T., Murgoci, A.-N., & Hromádka, T. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0754-y · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the gut–brain axis
Barroso, A., Mahler, J. V., Fonseca-Castro, P. H., & Quintana, F. J. (2021) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00585-5 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Tzioras, M., Davies, C., Newman, A., Jackson, R., & Spires‐Jones, T. (2019) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12529 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Microglia: A Central Player in Depression
Deng, S.-L., Chen, J.-G., & Wang, F. (2020) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-020-2193-1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease: Significance and Summary of Recent Advances
Deng, Q., Wu, C., Parker, E., Liu, T. C.-Y., Duan, R., & Yang, L. (2023) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0907 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hou, J., Zhou, Y., Cai, Z., Terekhova, M., Swain, A., Andhey, P. S., Guimaraes, R. M., Ulezko Antonova, A., Qiu, T., Sviben, S., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112293 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiome as a Regulator of the Neuroimmune Landscape
Yu, L. W., Agirman, G., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2022) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-014237 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The VCAM1–ApoE pathway directs microglial chemotaxis and alleviates Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Lau, S.-F., Wu, W., Wong, H. Y., Ouyang, L., Qiao, Y., Xu, J., Lau, J. H.-Y., Wong, C., Jiang, Y., Holtzman, D. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-023-00491-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Key Role for the Immune System
Breach, M. R., & Lenz, K. M. (2022) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_308 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Chandra, S., Di Meco, A., Dodiya, H. B., Popovic, J., Cuddy, L. K., Weigle, I. Q., Zhang, X., Sadleir, K., Sisodia, S. S., & Vassar, R. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00635-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine-Immune Crosstalk Shapes Sex-Specific Brain Development
Arambula, S. E., & McCarthy, M. M. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa055 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The role of genetic risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease in synaptic dysfunction
Fu, W.-Y., & Ip, N. Y. (2023) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.011 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Redefining Microglial Identity in Health and Disease at Single-Cell Resolution
Provenzano, F., Pérez, M. J., & Deleidi, M. (2021) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sinha, A., Kushwaha, R., Molesworth, K., Mychko, O., Makarava, N., & Baskakov, I. V. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10071728 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Microglia and Sensitive Periods in Brain Development
Dziabis, J. E., & Bilbo, S. D. (2021) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_242 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Microglia: Activity‐dependent regulators of neural circuits
Durán Laforet, V., & Schafer, D. P. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15105 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neuroimmune modulation of pain across the developmental spectrum
Karshikoff, B., Tadros, M. A., Mackey, S., & Zouikr, I. (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.010 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Slota, J. A., Medina, S. J., Frost, K. L., & Booth, S. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.918811 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Immunological signatures in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Sirkis, D. W., Bonham, L. W., Karch, C. M., & Yokoyama, J. S. (2019) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000665 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease
Eggen, B. J. L., & Kooistra, S. M. (2026) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vainchtein, I. D., Chin, G., Cho, F. S., Kelley, K. W., Miller, J. G., Chien, E. C., Liddelow, S. A., Nguyen, P. T., Nakao-Inoue, H., Dorman, L. C., Akil, O., Joshita, S., Barres, B. A., Paz, J. T., Molofsky, A. B., & Molofsky, A. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Gladstone Institutes (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Shinshu University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Vainchtein, Ilia D.
- Chin, Gregory
- Molofsky, Ari B.
- Molofsky, Anna V.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-03-16
- Volume
- 359
- Issue
- 6381
- Pages
- 1269-1273
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6070131
- OpenAlex
- W2787301818
- Cited by
- 657
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 28
- FWCI
- 25.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (R01NS096369)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH104417)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08 DK101604)
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund (1014757)
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Larry L. Hillblom Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- IL-33, astrocytes, microglia, synapse engulfment, neural circuit development, innate immunity, spinal cord, thalamus, cytokine signaling, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Interleukin-33, Animals, Astrocytes, Central Nervous System, Homeostasis, Nerve Net, Synapses, Thalamus, Microglia, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Neurogenesis, Sensorimotor Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
