Cited by 819Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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The dual pathway model of AD/HD: an elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics

Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S·2003·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005

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Abstract

The currently dominant neuro-cognitive model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) presents the condition as executive dysfunction (EDF) underpinned by disturbances in the fronto-dorsal striatal circuit and associated dopaminergic branches (e.g. meso-cortical). In contrast, motivationally-based accounts focus on altered reward processes and implicate fronto-ventral striatal reward circuits and those meso-limbic branches that terminate in the ventral striatum especially the nucleus accumbens. One such account, delay aversion (DEL), presents AD/HD as a motivational style-characterised by attempts to escape or avoid delay-arising from fundamental disturbances in these reward centres. While traditionally regarded as competing, EDF and DEL models have recently been presented as complimentary accounts of two psycho-patho-physiological subtypes of AD/HD with different developmental pathways, underpinned by different cortico-striatal circuits and modulated by different branches of the dopamine system. In the current paper we describe the development of this model in more detail. We elaborate on the neuro-circuitry possibly underpinning these two pathways and explore their developmental significance within a neuro-ecological framework.

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Self-citation
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Authors: Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S.
Affiliations: University of Southampton (GB)
Corresponding author: Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S
ORCID: Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-11
Volume: 27
Issue: 7
Pages: 593-604
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005
OpenAlex: W2064260924
Cited by: 816
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 3.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reward processing, dopaminergic system, mesocortical pathway, mesolimbic system, nucleus accumbens, ventral striatum, motivational styles
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Mental Processes, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Neural Pathways, Reinforcement, Psychology

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The dual pathway model of AD/HD: an elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics

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