Stress-induced atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3c neurons: Comparison of stressors
Abstract
Repeated restraint stress induces an atrophy of apical dendrites of CA3c pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, but the relationship between stress and adrenocortical activation has not been thoroughly investigated. In order to better understand the relationship between neural and non-neural indices of the severity of stress, we investigated the temporal relationship between CA3c dendritic atrophy and indices of adrenal steroid stress responsiveness. For this purpose, we used two different stress regimens: repeated restraint stress (6 h/day) and a chronic multiple stress paradigm (shaking, restraint and swimming, each day), differing in the degree of adrenal activation produced over 14 and 21 days. Atrophy of dendrites of CA3c neurons was found after 21 days of stress, but not after 14 days, and was of a similar magnitude for both stressors. However, non-neural measures differed between the two stress paradigms: (i) chronic restraint stress caused a significant habituation by day 21 in the corticosterone response to acute restraint, whereas chronic multiple stress exposure was not accompanied by habituation of the corticosterone response to restraint; (ii) chronic restraint stress caused neither adrenal hypertrophy nor thymus atrophy, but did reduce the rate of body weight gain throughout the 21 days, whereas chronic multiple stress caused a transient adrenal hypertrophy (on day 14), delayed suppression of thymus weight (on day 21) and transient reduction of body weight gain (on days 7 and 14, but not on day 21). Thus the non-neural indices of response to stress--although complex in their time course--suggest that the multiple stress regimen is a somewhat more potent chronic stressor for corticosterone and adrenal responses. Yet both stress regimens produced the same degree of apical dendritic atrophy in CA3c pyramidal neurons. These results are consistent with a model in which adrenocortical secretion plays a permissive role in enabling another agent, namely, excitatory amino acids, to produce the final effect.
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Regarding chronic stress, habituation occurs to a single stress, and sequential different stresses are required to maintain stress responses.
“Regarding chronic stress, habituation occurs to a single stress, and sequential different stresses are required to maintain stress responses.22,23”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Magarin˜os, A. M., & McEwen, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Magarin˜os, A.M.
- ORCID
- McEwen, B.S.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-11
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-88
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057658065
- Cited by
- 571
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1f05tw004499-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41256)
- Fogarty International Center (FO5TWO4499)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- chronic stress, restraint stress, dendritic atrophy, apical dendrites, corticosterone, adrenocortical activation, adrenal hypertrophy, thymic atrophy, weight gain, excitatory amino acids
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Atrophy, Body Weight, Corticosterone, Dendrites, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Hippocampus, Male, Neurons, Organ Size, Physical Stimulation, Restraint, Physical, Stress, Physiological, Swimming, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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