Learning beyond sensations: How dreams organize neuronal representations
Open accessAbstract
Semantic representations in higher sensory cortices form the basis for robust, yet flexible behavior. These representations are acquired over the course of development in an unsupervised fashion and continuously maintained over an organism's lifespan. Predictive processing theories propose that these representations emerge from predicting or reconstructing sensory inputs. However, brains are known to generate virtual experiences, such as during imagination and dreaming, that go beyond previously experienced inputs. Here, we suggest that virtual experiences may be just as relevant as actual sensory inputs in shaping cortical representations. In particular, we discuss two complementary learning principles that organize representations through the generation of virtual experiences. First, "adversarial dreaming" proposes that creative dreams support a cortical implementation of adversarial learning in which feedback and feedforward pathways engage in a productive game of trying to fool each other. Second, "contrastive dreaming" proposes that the invariance of neuronal representations to irrelevant factors of variation is acquired by trying to map similar virtual experiences together via a contrastive learning process. These principles are compatible with known cortical structure and dynamics and the phenomenology of sleep thus providing promising directions to explain cortical learning beyond the classical predictive processing paradigm.
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Negative examples in a NREM memory replay can be obtained by pushing the projection of the FF pathway to the higher cortical area away from previous hippocampal memory replays in this higher area.
“Negative examples in a NREM memory replay can be obtained by pushing the projection of the FF pathway to the higher cortical area away from previous hippocampal memory replays in this higher area [55].”
From How Adversarial REM Dreams May Facilitate Creativity, and Why We Become Aware of Them (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
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Self-citationLearning cortical representations through perturbed and adversarial dreaming.
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How Adversarial REM Dreams May Facilitate Creativity, and Why We Become Aware of Them
Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M., Jordan, J., Huber, L., & Senn, W. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.3390/ctn8020021 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M. A., Senn, W., & Jordan, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Deperrois, Nicolas
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-02
- Volume
- 157
- Pages
- 105508
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4389627741
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (CRSII5–180316)
- University of Bern
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (720270, 785907, 945539)
- Seventh Framework Programme (604102)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Keywords
- dreams, virtual experience, semantic representation, adversarial learning, contrastive learning, predictive processing, cortical learning, sleep, imagination, unsupervised learning
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Dreams, Humans, Imagination, Sensation, Sleep
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