Naturalizing aesthetics: Brain areas for aesthetic appraisal across sensory modalities
Open accessAbstract
We present here the most comprehensive analysis to date of neuroaesthetic processing by reporting the results of voxel-based meta-analyses of 93 neuroimaging studies of positive-valence aesthetic appraisal across four sensory modalities. The results demonstrate that the most concordant area of activation across all four modalities is the right anterior insula, an area typically associated with visceral perception, especially of negative valence (disgust, pain, etc.). We argue that aesthetic processing is, at its core, the appraisal of the valence of perceived objects. This appraisal is in no way limited to artworks but is instead applicable to all types of perceived objects. Therefore, one way to naturalize aesthetics is to argue that such a system evolved first for the appraisal of objects of survival advantage, such as food sources, and was later co-opted in humans for the experience of artworks for the satisfaction of social needs.
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Brown et al. demonstrated that the processing of aesthetic stimuli, be they paintings, music or food, overlaps within the primary gustatory cortex.
“Brown et al. [164] who demonstrated that the processing of aesthetic stimuli-be they paintings, music or food-overlap within the primary gustatory cortex.”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [164]
The Results report convergence in the right anterior insula across sensory modalities, and the Anterior insula section identifies this region with the primary gustatory cortex. But the paper does not establish consistent overlap for paintings specifically: its qualitative analysis found anterior-insula activation in only one of five visual-artwork studies, compared with four of six music studies. The claim overstates the finding for paintings. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Brown, S., Gao, X., Tisdelle, L., Eickhoff, S. B., & Liotti, M.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Steven
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 250-258
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8005853
- OpenAlex
- W2140959160
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- GRAMMY Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (IRTG1328)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH074457)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Ethics, Aesthetics, and Art
- Keywords
- neuroaesthetics, aesthetic appreciation, positive valence, sensory modalities, right anterior insula, visceral sensation, disgust, social function of art
- MeSH terms
- Art, Auditory Perception, Beauty, Brain, Brain Mapping, Esthetics, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Sensation, Smell, Taste, Visual Perception, Likelihood Functions, Prefrontal Cortex, Positron-Emission Tomography
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