Machine-learning to characterise neonatal functional connectivity in the preterm brain
Open accessAbstract
Brain development is adversely affected by preterm birth. Magnetic resonance image analysis has revealed a complex fusion of structural alterations across all tissue compartments that are apparent by term-equivalent age, persistent into adolescence and adulthood, and associated with wide-ranging neurodevelopment disorders. Although functional MRI has revealed the relatively advanced organisational state of the neonatal brain, the full extent and nature of functional disruptions following preterm birth remain unclear. In this study, we apply machine-learning methods to compare whole-brain functional connectivity in preterm infants at term-equivalent age and healthy term-born neonates in order to test the hypothesis that preterm birth results in specific alterations to functional connectivity by term-equivalent age. Functional connectivity networks were estimated in 105 preterm infants and 26 term controls using group-independent component analysis and a graphical lasso model. A random forest-based feature selection method was used to identify discriminative edges within each network and a nonlinear support vector machine was used to classify subjects based on functional connectivity alone. We achieved 80% cross-validated classification accuracy informed by a small set of discriminative edges. These edges connected a number of functional nodes in subcortical and cortical grey matter, and most were stronger in term neonates compared to those born preterm. Half of the discriminative edges connected one or more nodes within the basal ganglia. These results demonstrate that functional connectivity in the preterm brain is significantly altered by term-equivalent age, confirming previous reports of altered connectivity between subcortical structures and higher-level association cortex following preterm birth.
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Machine-learning based prediction frameworks are beginning to be applied to infant imaging.
“Machine-learning based prediction frameworks are beginning to be applied to infant imaging201–203”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [203]
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Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood
Gilmore, J. H., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Gao, W. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.1 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ball, G., Aljabar, P., Arichi, T., Tusor, N., Cox, D., Merchant, N., Nongena, P., Hajnal, J. V., Edwards, A. D., & Counsell, S. J.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Edwards, A.D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- Pt A
- Pages
- 267-275
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4655920
- OpenAlex
- W1775388063
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (RP-PG-0707-10154)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Keywords
- preterm birth, neonatal brain, functional connectivity, term-equivalent age, preterm infants, basal ganglia, subcortical gray matter, association cortex, functional connectivity networks, brain development, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Connectome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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