Rates and rhythms: a synergistic view of frequency and temporal coding in neuronal networks
Open accessAbstract
In the CNS, activity of individual neurons has a small but quantifiable relationship to sensory representations and motor outputs. Coactivation of a few 10s to 100s of neurons can code sensory inputs and behavioral task performance within psychophysical limits. However, in a sea of sensory inputs and demand for complex motor outputs how is the activity of such small subpopulations of neurons organized? Two theories dominate in this respect: increases in spike rate (rate coding) and sharpening of the coincidence of spiking in active neurons (temporal coding). Both have computational advantages and are far from mutually exclusive. Here, we review evidence for a bias in neuronal circuits toward temporal coding and the coexistence of rate and temporal coding during population rhythm generation. The coincident expression of multiple types of gamma rhythm in sensory cortex suggests a mechanistic substrate for combining rate and temporal codes on the basis of stimulus strength.
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Increases in temporal precision and synchronization on a millisecond timescale of interacting neuronal networks can dramatically increase the efficacy of interneuronal communication.
“Increases in temporal precision and synchronization, on a millisecond time scale, of interacting networks of neurons can dramatically increase the efficacy of interneuronal communication”
From Waking state: rapid variations modulate neural and behavioral responses (2015) · cites this paper as Ainsworth et al., 2012
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Rhythms for cognition: communication through coherence
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- Authors
- Ainsworth, M., Lee, S., Cunningham, M. O., Traub, R. D., Kopell, N. J., & Whittington, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whittington, Miles A.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 572-583
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2048660601
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns044133-15)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS044133, R01NS062955, NS44133, NS062955)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- rate coding, temporal coding, spike timing, neuronal networks, gamma oscillations, sensory cortex, coincidence detection, spike frequency, stimulus strength, neural coding
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Brain, Humans, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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