Cited by 186Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentBirth, Development, and Health

Influences of prenatal and postnatal maternal depression on amygdala volume and microstructure in young children.

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Wen, D J, Poh, J S, Ni, S N, Chong, Y-S, Chen, H, Kwek, K, Shek, L P, Gluckman, P D +3 more·2017·Translational Psychiatry

Abstract

Maternal depressive symptoms influence neurodevelopment in the offspring. Such effects may appear to be gender-dependent. The present study examined contributions of prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms to the volume and microstructure of the amygdala in 4.5-year-old boys and girls. Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 26 weeks of gestation. Postnatal maternal depression was assessed at 3 months using the EPDS and at 1, 2, 3 and 4.5 years using the Beck’s Depression Inventory-II. Structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging were performed with 4.5-year-old children to extract the volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the amygdala. Our results showed that greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were associated with larger right amygdala volume in girls, but not in boys. Increased postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were associated with higher right amygdala FA in the overall sample and girls, but not in boys. These results support the role of variation in right amygdala structure in transmission of maternal depression to the offspring, particularly to girls. The differential effects of prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms on the volume and FA of the right amygdala suggest the importance of the timing of exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in brain development of girls. This further underscores the need for intervention targeting both prenatal and postnatal maternal depression to girls in preventing adverse child outcomes.

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  • Greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms are associated with larger right amygdala volume in infants under 2 months old and girls at 4.5 years old.

    “Greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms are associated with larger right amygdala volume in infants under 2 months old and girls at 4.5 years old [39, 86, 87].”

    From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [39]

    The Results (Relations between maternal depressive symptoms and the amygdala volume) report a larger right amygdala volume in 4.5-year-old girls with greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms. The Discussion says the same cohort showed no association with amygdala volume in neonates shortly after birth, so this source does not support the claim about infants under 2 months old. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The amygdala shows selective vulnerability to prenatal maternal stress, especially in girls.

    “These results underscore the selective vulnerability of the amygdala to prenatal maternal stress, especially in girls [39].”

    From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [39]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms predicted larger right amygdala volume in 4.5-year-old girls, but not boys. This supports a girl-specific amygdala association, but the study measured maternal depressive symptoms rather than prenatal stress generally; its findings do not establish that the amygdala is selectively vulnerable compared with other brain structures. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Maternal depression measured at 26 GW and saliva cortisol levels at 15 GW are associated with larger right amygdala volume in girls only.

    “Studies suggest that maternal depression measured at 26 GW and saliva cortisol levels at 15 GW are associated with larger right amygdala volume in girls only [26, 39].”
  • Prenatal maternal stress exposure has enduring consequences on offspring brain development and long-term neurodevelopment.

    “Prenatal maternal stress exposure has been shown to have enduring consequences on brain development in the offspring”

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Authors
Wen, D. J., Poh, J. S., Ni, S. N., Chong, Y.-S., Chen, H., Kwek, K., Shek, L. P., Gluckman, P. D., Fortier, M. V., Meaney, M. J., & Qiu, A.
Affiliations
  • National University of Singapore (SG)
  • Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SG)
  • KK Women's and Children's Hospital (SG)
  • Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
Corresponding author
Qiu, A
Venue
Translational Psychiatry
Published
2017-04-25
Volume
7
Issue
4
Pages
e1103-e1103
ISSN
2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2609899196
Cited by
186
References
85
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
FWCI
17.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Hope for Depression Research Foundation
  • Harvard University
  • JPB Foundation
  • National University Health System
  • Medical Research Council (NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008, NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014)
  • National Medical Research Council (NMRC/TCR/004- NUS /2008, NMRC /CBRG/0039/2013, NMRC/TCR/004, NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
maternal depression, antenatal depression, postpartum depression, amygdala volume, fractional anisotropy, sex differences, child neurodevelopment, young children
MeSH terms
Amygdala, Birth Weight, Brain, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Anisotropy, Depression, Postpartum, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Neuroimaging, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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